"Xylazine"--a new sedative for horses and cattle

Clarke, K. W.; Hall, LW

doi:10.1136/vr.85.19.512

Cited by 141 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…The use of alpha 2 agonists in veterinary practices were first reported in late 1960 [16] and revolutionized for sedation and analgesia, particularly in large animals. Since then, alpha 2 agonists have been used for profound sedation and analgesia [5] .…”

Section: Uses Of Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alfa2 Antagonistlerinin Küçük Ruminantlarda Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Derleme

Shah¹,

Ding²,

Hu³

2014

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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SummaryIn recent years, alpha 2 agonists are the most widely used as sedative and analgesic drugs in veterinary medicine because of several useful properties like fast onset, reversibility and analgesia. Alpha 2 agonists produce different actions by binding to their corresponding receptor subtypes located on various parts of the central nervous system. Ruminants are especially sensitive to alpha 2 agonists due to the distribution of the specific alpha 2 adrenoceptor subtypes, compared with other species. In ruminants, alpha 2 agonists are generally used as sedatives and analgesics for restraint, clinical diagnosis, and minor surgeries. Clinical experiments indicated that analgesia does not exist throughout the period of sedation, so these agents alone are not sufficient for painful or major surgical procedure. Epidural administration of alpha 2 agonists produced potent analgesia with minimal sedative or cardiovascular effects, and considered one of the most reliable techniques in ruminant. Alpha 2 agonists also used as a preanesthetic medication and have been obviously anesthetic sparing effects. They causes some unwanted effects, such as excessive saliva, bradycardia, depressed respiratory rate, decreased rectal temperature, hyperglycemia, uterine contractions and decreased ruminal and intestinal motility. These side effects are influenced by the doses and administration routes of alpha 2 agonists, and their selectivity to alpha 2 adrenoceptor subtypes. Attentions should be taken to avoid the use of these agents in sick patients, while careful monitoring of the patient condition is always mandatory after receiving these agents. Fortunately, the availability of specific antagonists assures the uses of alpha 2 agonists in ruminants. For the safety, an appropriate low dose of alpha 2 agonists is always recommended in ruminants. Keywords ÖzetSon yıllarda alfa 2 antagonistleri çabuk etki, geridönüşebilirlilik ve analji gibi bazı özellikleri nedeniyle veteriner hekimlikte sedatif ve analjezik olarak en yaygın kullanılan ilaçlardır. Alfa 2 antagonistleri merkezi sinir sisteminin çeşitli bölgelerinde yer alan ilişkili reseptörlere bağlanmak suretiyle değişik reaksiyonlara neden olur. Ruminantlar diğer türlerle karşılaştırıldığında spesifik alfa 2 adenoreseptör subtipleri nedeniyle alfa 2 antagonistlerine karşı özellikle sensitiflerdir. Ruminantlarda alfa 2 antagonistleri genel olarak zapturapt, klinik tanı ve küçük cerrahiler amacıyla sedatif ve analjezik olarak kullanılır. Klinik deneyler analjezinin sedasyonun süresinin tümü boyunca mevcut olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle bu maddeler acılı veya büyük cerrahi müdahalelerde tek başlarına yeterli değillerdir. Alfa 2 antagonistlerinin epidural uygulanması minimal sedatif veya kardiyovasküler etkiler ile birlikte muhtemel analjezi üretmektedir. Bu uygulama ayrıca ruminantlarda en güvenilir teknik olarak kabul edilmektedir. Alfa 2 antagonistleri ayrıca preanastetik uygulama olarak da kullanılmaktadır ve bariz olarak anestetik ajanın az kullanımının sağlayıcı etkileri...

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Section: Uses Of Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alfa2 Antagonistlerinin Küçük Ruminantlarda Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Derleme

Shah¹,

Ding²,

Hu³

2014

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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“…In 1967, Clark & Hall [197] reported the use of xylazine, a nonselective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, as an adjunct sedative and analgesic agent in horses and cattle. Since then alpha-2 receptor agonists have been widely used to provide dose-dependent sedation, analgesia and muscle relaxation, although it was not until 1981 that the link with central alpha-2 receptors was first established [198].…”

Section: Veterinary Anaesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha‐2 and imidazoline receptor agonistsTheir pharmacology and therapeutic role

Khan¹,

Ferguson²,

Jones³

1999

Anaesthesia

600

423

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SummaryClonidine has proved to be a clinically useful adjunct in clinical anaesthetic practice as well as in chronic pain therapy because it has both anaesthetic and analgesic-sparing activity. The more selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists, dexmedetomidine and mivazerol, may also have a role in providing haemodynamic stability in patients who are at risk of peri-operative ischaemia. The side-effects of hypotension and bradycardia have limited the routine use of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists. Investigations into the molecular pharmacology of alpha-2 adrenoceptors have elucidated their role in the control of wakefulness, blood pressure and antinociception. We discuss the pharmacology of alpha-2 adrenoceptors and their therapeutic role in this review.

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“…Xy1azine hydroch1oride (2-2.6 Xyhdino, 5,6-Dihydro-4 H-1,3-Thiazin-hydroch1oride), değişik hayvan türlerinde sedatif ve ana1jezik olarak kullanılmaktadır (4,6,15). Kısa süreli operasyonlarda başarı ile kullanılan Xylazine hydrochloride (6,11), plazma glukoz ve üre düzey-lerinde geçici yükselmeye (7,13), nabız sayısında, hemoglobin miktarı, alyuvar sayısı, ve hematokrit değerde geçici düşmeye (3,7) neden olmaktadır.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

XYLAZİNE HYDROCHLORİDE UYGULANAN KÖPEKLERDE. GÖZLENEN KLİNıK, BİYOKIMYASAL VE HEMATOLOJtK BULGULAR

Hikmet;ŞEKER¹

1986

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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"Xylazine"--a new sedative for horses and cattle

Cited by 141 publications

References 0 publications

Alfa2 Antagonistlerinin Küçük Ruminantlarda Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Derleme

Alfa2 Antagonistlerinin Küçük Ruminantlarda Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Derleme

Alpha‐2 and imidazoline receptor agonistsTheir pharmacology and therapeutic role

XYLAZİNE HYDROCHLORİDE UYGULANAN KÖPEKLERDE. GÖZLENEN KLİNıK, BİYOKIMYASAL VE HEMATOLOJtK BULGULAR

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