Xylanase Inhibitors: Defense Players in Plant Immunity with Implications in Agro-Industrial Processing

Tundo, Silvio; Mandalà, Giulia; Sella, Luca; Favaron, Francesco; Bedre, Renesh; Kalunke, Raviraj M.

doi:10.3390/ijms232314994

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Here, we identified a xylanase inhibitor protein, OsHI‐XIP, that was induced in response to the MoXYL1 expression. A recent study demonstrated a complex model of the Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitors (TAXI)‐BcXyn11, showing the binding of the 25‐residue peptide containing two conserved residues YGWT and YYIV with TAXI (Tundo et al, 2022). A previous study emphasized the role of rice chitinase‐like protein (OsCLP), which shares significant similarities with other plant TAXI‐type XIPs (Wu et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endo‐1,4‐beta‐xylanase 1 (MoXYL1) secreted by Magnaporthe oryzae triggers defense responses and induces cell death in rice

Lee,

Min,

Yoo

et al. 2024

Physiologia Plantarum

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The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae devastates cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), causing extensive crop losses. Despite being a major pathogen, information on this pathosystem, especially on the proteins associated with fungal pathogenicity and host defense response, is relatively scarce. Utilizing liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), we identified 123 in planta‐secreted M. oryzae proteins in rice leaves and screened for their cell death‐inducing activity. Biochemical characterization of these M. oryzae proteins revealed an endo‐1,4‐beta‐xylanase (MoXYL1), which induces cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and H2O2 accumulation in rice suspension‐cultured cells. Transgenic rice plants (PDUF26::MoXYL1) expressing MoXYL1 driven by rice DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION PROTEIN 26 (DUF26) promoter enhanced expression of pathogen‐responsive and hormone‐related genes, and resistance to the M. oryzae and Cochliobolus miyabeanus. Data‐independent acquisition (DIA) MS‐based proteomics of wild‐type and PDUF26::MoXYL1 rice revealed 1,833 significantly modulated rice proteins upon M. oryzae infection. Among these, 219 proteins showed a significant increased abundance exclusively in PDUF26::MoXYL1 transgenic rice, while 410 proteins showed increased abundance in both wild‐type and PDUF26::MoXYL1. Notably, xylanase inhibitor proteins, pathogenesis‐related proteins, and other proteins associated with jasmonic acid biosynthesis exhibited increased abundance in response to M. oryzae. Based on these results, we proposed a putative signaling network induced by MoXYL1 and M. oryzae. In summary, our findings highlight the crucial role of MoXYL1 in inducing rice defense and in potentially enhancing rice disease resistance against fungal pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endo‐1,4‐beta‐xylanase 1 (MoXYL1) secreted by Magnaporthe oryzae triggers defense responses and induces cell death in rice

Lee,

Min,

Yoo

et al. 2024

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…SUN et al [23], xylanase inhibitors (XIs) are plant cell wall proteins found mostly in monocots that limit microbial xylanases' hemicellulose degrading ability. Silvio Tundo et al [24]. The GSE34445 and GSE59723 data sets shared 4 genes (WRKY45, Cht2, WRKY, and ccd1), and the GSE31760 and GSE59723 shared 2 genes (TaAOS and tamdr1).…”

Section: Identification Of Degsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying biotic stress-associated molecular markers in wheat using differential gene expression and machine learning techniques

Ibrahim

Rashed

2022

Highlights in BioScience

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Wheat is an important crop for global food security and a key crop for many developing countries. Thanks to next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, researchers can analyze the transcriptome of wheat and reveal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) responsible for essential agronomic traits and biotic stress tolerance. In addition, machine learning (ML) methods have opened new avenues to detect patterns in expression data and make predictions or decisions based on these patterns. We used both techniques to identify potential molecular markers in wheat associated with biotic stress in six gene expression studies conducted to investigate powdery mildew, blast fungus, rust, fly larval infection, greenbug aphid, and Stagonospora nodorum infections. A total of 24,152 threshold genes were collected from different studies, with the highest threshold being 7580 genes and the lowest being 1073 genes. The study identified several genes that were differentially expressed in all comparisons and genes that were present in only one data set. The study also discussed the possible role of certain genes in plant resistance. The Ta-TLP, HBP-1, WRKY, PPO, and glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase genes were selected by the interpretable model-agnostic explanation algorithm as the most important genes known to play a significant role in resistance to biotic stress. Our results support the application of ML analysis in plant genomics and can help increase agricultural efficiency and production, leading to higher yields and more sustainable farming practices.

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“…During an invasion by pathogenic fungi such as F. graminearum , these fungi secrete xylanases [ 10 ], which break down xylans, compromising the wheat cell wall integrity and facilitating further fungal invasion and spread [ 11 , 12 ]. Xylanase inhibitors (XIs) in wheat serve the critical function of neutralizing and inhibiting these exogenous xylanases [ 13 ]. In wheat, three distinct types of XIs have been identified based on their structural characteristics, namely thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor (TLXI) type inhibitors [ 14 ], Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (TAXI) [ 15 ] and xylanase inhibiting protein (XIP) [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each type of XI possesses unique domains that aid in their identification. TLXI shares significant homology with thaumatin-like proteins complicating the precise identification of TLXI family members [ 13 , 17 ]. For TAXI classification, both the xylanase inhibitor N-terminal and the Xylanase inhibitor C-terminal are used [ 18 ], whereas for XIP classification the glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH18) is used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several features suggest that XIs play a pivotal role in host defense mechanisms. Notably, they exhibit both sequence and structural homology with various pathogenesis-related proteins, and their expression is typically upregulated under salicylic acid, jasmonic acid (JA), methyl jasmonate treatment and stress conditions such as wounding and FHB infection [ 13 , 18 ]. For instance, specific members of the TAXI gene family, including TaXI-IIA , TaXI-III and TaXI-IV were significantly induced by FHB infection in wheat spikes [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive genome-wide analysis of wheat xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) genes: unveiling their role in Fusarium head blight resistance and plant immune mechanisms

Lin,

Ruan,

Guo

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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In this comprehensive genome-wide study, we identified and classified 83 Xylanase Inhibitor Protein (XIP) genes in wheat, grouped into five distinct categories, to enhance understanding of wheat's resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), a significant fungal threat to global wheat production. Our analysis reveals the unique distribution of XIP genes across wheat chromosomes, particularly at terminal regions, suggesting their role in the evolutionary expansion of the gene family. Several XIP genes lack signal peptides, indicating potential alternative secretion pathways that could be pivotal in plant defense against FHB. The study also uncovers the sequence homology between XIPs and chitinases, hinting at a functional diversification within the XIP gene family. Additionally, the research explores the association of XIP genes with plant immune mechanisms, particularly their linkage with plant hormone signaling pathways like abscisic acid and jasmonic acid. XIP-7A3, in particular, demonstrates a significant increase in expression upon FHB infection, highlighting its potential as a key candidate gene for enhancing wheat's resistance to this disease. This research not only enriches our understanding of the XIP gene family in wheat but also provides a foundation for future investigations into their role in developing FHB-resistant wheat cultivars. The findings offer significant implications for wheat genomics and breeding, contributing to the development of more resilient crops against fungal diseases.

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Xylanase Inhibitors: Defense Players in Plant Immunity with Implications in Agro-Industrial Processing

Cited by 13 publications

References 122 publications

Endo‐1,4‐beta‐xylanase 1 (MoXYL1) secreted by Magnaporthe oryzae triggers defense responses and induces cell death in rice

Endo‐1,4‐beta‐xylanase 1 (MoXYL1) secreted by Magnaporthe oryzae triggers defense responses and induces cell death in rice

Identifying biotic stress-associated molecular markers in wheat using differential gene expression and machine learning techniques

Comprehensive genome-wide analysis of wheat xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) genes: unveiling their role in Fusarium head blight resistance and plant immune mechanisms

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