Xylanase impact beyond performance: a prebiotic approach in broiler chickens

Hoeck, Veerle Van; Wu, Di; Somers, Ingrid; Wealleans, Alexandra; Vasanthakumari, Bindhu Lakshmibai; Sanchez, Antonio L. Gonzalez; Morisset, Dany

doi:10.1016/j.japr.2021.100193

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The assessment of effects by the Bliss independence analysis was important since each of the evaluated enzymes has different activity properties. In the case of xylanase, a common non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzyme, it has shown an improvement in the digestibility of nutrients due to its effect on the decrease in intestinal viscosity, as well as on the improvement of immunity, reduction in the effects of Salmonella infections, and in the maintenance of intestinal epithelium in broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens ( 44 , 45 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Sequence and Interaction Analysis in the Production of Six Enzymes From the Three Bacillus Strains Present in a Commercial Direct-Fed Microbial (Norum™) Using a Bliss Independence Test

et al. 2022

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The three Bacillus strains present in Norum™ were initially selected by their excellent to good relative enzyme activity (REA) production score for amylase, protease, lipase, phytase, cellulase, β-glucanase, and xylanase. Further studies confirmed that the three isolates also showed an antibacterial activity, Gram-positive and Gram-negative poultry pathogens. Norum™ (Eco-Bio/Euxxis Bioscience LLC) is a Bacillus spore direct-fed microbial (DFM). The Bacillus isolates were screened and selected based on in vitro enzyme production profiles. Moreover, in chickens fed high non-starch polysaccharides, this DFM demonstrated to reduce digesta viscosity, bacterial translocation, increase performance, bone mineralization, and balance the intestinal microbiota. In the present study, we present the whole-genome sequence of each of the three isolates in Norum™, as well as the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects on the enzyme production behavior of the three Bacillus strains and their combinations when grown together vs. when grown individually. The whole-genome sequence identified isolate AM1002 as Bacillus subtilis (isolate 1), isolate AM0938 as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (isolate 2), and isolate JD17 as Bacillus licheniformis (isolate 3). The three Bacillus isolates used in the present study produce different enzymes (xylanase, cellulase, phytase, lipase, protease, and β-glucanase). However, this production was modified when two or more Bacillus strains were combined, suggesting possible synergistic, antagonistic, or additive interactions. The Bliss analysis suggested (p < 0.05) that the combination of Bacillus strains 1–2 and 1–2–3 had intermediate effects and predicted that the combination of Bacillus strains 2–3 could have better effects than the combination of all the three Bacillus strains. In summary, the current study demonstrated the need of selecting Bacillus strains based on quantitative enzyme determination and data analysis to assess the impacts of combinations to avoid antagonistic interactions that could limit treatment efficacy. These results suggest that using Bacillus strains 2–3 together could lead to a new generation of DFMs with effects superior to those already examined in Bacillus strains 1–2–3 and, therefore, a potential alternative to growth-promoting antibiotics. More research utilizing poultry models is being considered to confirm and expand the existing findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Sequence and Interaction Analysis in the Production of Six Enzymes From the Three Bacillus Strains Present in a Commercial Direct-Fed Microbial (Norum™) Using a Bliss Independence Test

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, xylanase supplementation alone has been shown to reduce counts of E. coli and increase counts of Lactobacillus spp. in the ceca of 35 d-old broilers [ 15 ]; therefore, the reduced microbial load and lesion scores could be due to the combined effect of both the xylanase and probiotic multi-strain present in EnzaPro. Reducing the pathogen counts in the digesta and ceca indicates that fewer pathogens are also shed into the environment, thus controlling the spread of infection among the flock and subsequent flocks, since the industry in the US relies on recycled bedding for poultry production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional benefit of using xylanases in monogastric animal diets is that NSPs are degraded by xylanase into smaller oligosaccharides units of xylose and arabinose as the major products; these molecules could serve as prebiotic compounds that can be utilized by beneficial bacteria in lower gut [ 15 ]. Ding et al [ 16 ] reported that these xylooligosaccharides stimulate the growth of Gram-positive bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live Performance and Microbial Load Modulation of Broilers Fed a Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) and Xylanase Combination

Nusairat

Odetallah²,

Wang³

2022

Veterinary Sciences

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The animal industry, which focuses on producing protein for human consumption, is continuously seeking solutions that can enhance both animal performance and health at a low cost. Several feed additives are currently being used to improve the nutritive value of feed as well as replacing the subtherapeutic levels of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). This study was designed to investigate the effect of a feed additive that is a blend of multi-strain Bacillus spp. probiotics and a xylanase in a 2 × 2 factorial dietary treatments design, testing two levels of the feed additive blend (0 and 100 g/MT) and two cereal grain types (corn and wheat) on live performance, gut lesions, environmental Clostridium perfringens load, and pathogen load in the digesta of broiler chickens (E. tenella, total aerobic count cells (APC), E. coli, and C. perfringens). Day-old chicks were randomly placed in 10 replicate pens per treatment with 52 birds per replicate and grown to 42 d of age. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. At 42 d, birds fed EnzaPro were heavier (p < 0.0004) than unsupplemented birds. An improvement in FCR (p = 0.03) was observed from 1 to 42 d by approximately two points in both corn- and wheat-based diets supplemented with EnzaPro. In wheat-based diets, supplementing EnzaPro reduced (p < 0.0001) a 21 d lesion score of intestines with a further reduction (p < 0.02) at 42 d. EnzaPro reduced (p < 0.03) litter moisture by approximately 1% compared to non-supplemented EnzaPro in both corn- and wheat-based diets. Pathogen load in digesta (C. perfringens, E. tenella, APC, and E. coli) was reduced (p < 0.0002) when EnzaPro was supplemented in diets. It can be concluded that EnzaPro (a blend of DFM Bacillus spp (1 × 105 CFU/g feed) and xylanase (10 XU/g feed)) may be used in both corn- and wheat-based diets to improve the performance and gut health of broilers.

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“…In the present study, a significant effect was observed on FCR in early growth stages (8-14 days, 1-14 days) in the 30,000 U/kg group. Van Hoeck et al [27] showed that the supplementation of the same xylanase in corn-based diet significantly improved FCR for the overall study period. The latter study demonstrated also an overall beneficial effect of xylanase, even at 30,000 U/kg, on broilers' performance and carcass traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recently developed enzyme (Xygest TM HT) is a thermostable xylanase produced by Thermopolyspora flexuosa (Pichia yeast) and is a beta 1-4, endo-xylanase enzyme. Its use has been investigated in corn-based diets, which resulted in improved broiler performance and nutrient digestibility and promoted Lactobacilli growth [27]. However, no information is available so far on its efficacy in wheat-based diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Intrinsically Thermostable Xylanase Improves Broilers’ Growth Performance, Organ Weights, and Affects Intestinal Viscosity and pH

et al. 2021

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Exogenous carbohydrases are commonly added to monogastric animal feed to degrade non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) to improve zootechnical performance and nutrient digestion. In the current study, the effects of dietary supplementation of a new, intrinsically thermostable, monocomponent xylanase on intestinal parameters, zootechnical performance and carcass traits of broilers were evaluated. A total of 720 1-day-old broilers were randomly allotted to four wheat-based diets with different levels of xylanase (T1: control; T2: 30,000 U/g; T3: 45,000 U/g; T4: 90,000 U/g) and fed from 1 to 35 days of age. The data showed that xylanase supplementation reduced the intestinal viscosity significantly, especially in the ileum. Duodenum and cecum pH was not influenced by xylanase supplementation, while T3 treatment showed the lowest pH value in jejunum and ileum. Xylanase supplementation reduced significantly feed conversion ratio (FCR) without affecting feed intake (FI). T2 treatment exhibited a higher body weight gain (BWG) compared the other treatments. Live weight, carcass weight, legs, and liver weight were significantly higher in T3 and T4 treatments compared to T1. No significant differences on foot pad lesions were observed among the four treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of this new xylanase significantly improves intestinal tract viscosity and affects beneficially broilers’ performance and carcass traits.

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Xylanase impact beyond performance: a prebiotic approach in broiler chickens

Cited by 20 publications

References 43 publications

Whole-Genome Sequence and Interaction Analysis in the Production of Six Enzymes From the Three Bacillus Strains Present in a Commercial Direct-Fed Microbial (Norum™) Using a Bliss Independence Test

Whole-Genome Sequence and Interaction Analysis in the Production of Six Enzymes From the Three Bacillus Strains Present in a Commercial Direct-Fed Microbial (Norum™) Using a Bliss Independence Test

Live Performance and Microbial Load Modulation of Broilers Fed a Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) and Xylanase Combination

New Intrinsically Thermostable Xylanase Improves Broilers’ Growth Performance, Organ Weights, and Affects Intestinal Viscosity and pH

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