Xylan Synthesis From Uridine-Diphosphate-D-Xylose by Particulate Preparations From Immature Corncobs

Bailey, R. W.; Hassid, W. Z.

doi:10.1073/pnas.56.5.1586

Cited by 67 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As with the biosynthesis of (1,3;1,4)-b-D-glucans, (1,4)-b-D-xylan synthase activity has been detected in membrane preparations from grasses over many years (Bailey and Hassid, 1966;Zeng et al, 2008), but the enzymes have not yet been purified to the extent that amino acid sequence information can be obtained. The genes and enzymes that are responsible for arabinoxylan synthesis in the grasses have not yet been identified unequivocally.…”

Section: Biosynthesis and Remodeling Of Arabinoxylans In The Grassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolutionary Times in Our Understanding of Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Remodeling in the Grasses

2009

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Section: Biosynthesis and Remodeling Of Arabinoxylans In The Grassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolutionary Times in Our Understanding of Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Remodeling in the Grasses

2009

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“…Using several plant systems, including grass species, autoradiography and membrane fractionation showed that monosaccharides from 14 C-labeled substrates accumulated in cell wall polysaccharides in Golgi vesicles during a pulse were subsequently transferred to the cell wall when chased with unlabeled substrates (Northcote and Pickett-Heaps, 1966;Pickett-Heaps, 1967;Jilka et al, 1972). Early studies showed that labeled sugars from nucleotide-sugar substrates could be incorporated into alcohol-insoluble polysaccharides using microsomal membranes, and later refined by isolation of Golgi membranes and the synthesis of defined polysaccharides with combinations of nucleotide sugars (Bailey and Hassid, 1966;Ray et al, 1969Ray et al, , 1976Smith and Stone, 1973;Ray, 1980;Hayashi and Matsuda, 1981a;Gordon and Maclachlan, 1989;Gibeaut and Carpita, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bailey and Hassid (1966) demonstrated the synthesis in vitro of noncellulosic glucans with microsomal membranes from grasses. Henry and Stone (1982) used the Bacillus subtilis endoglucanase, an enzyme that generates diagnostic cellodextrin-(1/3)-b-Glc units from (1/3),(1/4)-b-D-glucan to show that the mixed-linkage b-glucan was made specifically with UDP-Glc and microsomal membranes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Maize Mixed-Linkage (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-Glucan Polysaccharide Is Synthesized at the Golgi Membrane

Carpita

McCann

2010

Plant Physiology

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With the exception of cellulose and callose, the cell wall polysaccharides are synthesized in Golgi membranes, packaged into vesicles, and exported to the plasma membrane where they are integrated into the microfibrillar structure. Consistent with this paradigm, several published reports have shown that the maize (Zea mays) mixed-linkage (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucan, a polysaccharide that among angiosperms is unique to the grasses and related Poales species, is synthesized in vitro with isolated maize coleoptile Golgi membranes and the nucleotide-sugar substrate, UDP-glucose. However, a recent study reported the inability to detect the β-glucan immunocytochemically at the Golgi, resulting in a hypothesis that the mixed-linkage β-glucan oligomers may be initiated at the Golgi but are polymerized at the plasma membrane surface. Here, we demonstrate that (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans are detected immunocytochemically at the Golgi of the developing maize coleoptiles. Further, when maize seedlings at the third-leaf stage were pulse labeled with [14C]O2 and Golgi membranes were isolated from elongating cells at the base of the developing leaves, (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of an average molecular mass of 250 kD and higher were detected in isolated Golgi membranes. When the pulse was followed by a chase period, the labeled polysaccharides of the Golgi membrane diminished with subsequent transfer to the cell wall. (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-Glucans of at least 250 kD were isolated from cell walls, but much larger aggregates were also detected, indicating a potential for intermolecular interactions with glucuronoarabinoxylans or intermolecular grafting in muro.

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“…and poplar (Populus spp.) trees (Dalessandro and Northcote, 1981), wheat (Triticum aestivum; Porchia and Scheller, 2000), maize (Zea mays; Bailey and Hassid, 1966), and Zinnia (Suzuki et al, 1991), in no case have the individual proteins involved in the biosynthesis been clearly identified. Earlier enzymological studies on GX biosynthesis in the pea system indicated that a cooperative action between xylosyltransferase (XylT) and glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT) activities is required for the synthesis of the GX polymer; however, the role of the GlcAT activity in the process and the structural details of the product formed were not provided (Waldron and Brett, 1983;Baydoun et al, 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

UDP-Xylose-Stimulated Glucuronyltransferase Activity in Wheat Microsomal Membranes: Characterization and Role in Glucurono(arabino)xylan Biosynthesis

2008

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Microsomal membranes from etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings cooperatively incorporated xylose (Xyl), arabinose, and glucuronic acid residues from their corresponding uridine 5#-diphosphosugars into an ethanol-insoluble glucurono(arabino)xylan (GAX)-like product. A glucuronyltransferase activity that is enhanced by the presence of UDP-Xyl was also identified in these microsomes. Wheat glucuronyltransferase activity was optimal at pH 7 and required manganese ions, and several lines of evidence suggest its involvement in GAX-like biosynthesis. The GAX characteristics of the 14 C-product were confirmed by digestion with a purified endo-xylanase from Aspergillus awamori (endo-xylanase III) and by total acid hydrolysis, resulting in a Xyl:arabinose:glucuronic acid molar ratio of approximately 105:34:1. Endo-xylanase III released only three types of oligosaccharides in addition to free Xyl. No radiolabel was released as xylobiose, xylotriose, or xylotetraose, indicating the absence of long stretches of unbranched Xyl residues in the nascent GAX-like product. High-pH anion exchange chromatography analysis of the resulting oligosaccharides along with known arabinoxylan oligosaccharide standards suggests that a portion of the nascent GAX-like product has a relatively regular structure. The other portion of the [ 14

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Xylan Synthesis From Uridine-Diphosphate-D-Xylose by Particulate Preparations From Immature Corncobs

Cited by 67 publications

References 15 publications

Revolutionary Times in Our Understanding of Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Remodeling in the Grasses

Revolutionary Times in Our Understanding of Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Remodeling in the Grasses

The Maize Mixed-Linkage (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-Glucan Polysaccharide Is Synthesized at the Golgi Membrane

UDP-Xylose-Stimulated Glucuronyltransferase Activity in Wheat Microsomal Membranes: Characterization and Role in Glucurono(arabino)xylan Biosynthesis

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