Xylan O-Acetylation Impacts Xylem Development and Enzymatic Recalcitrance as Indicated by the Arabidopsis Mutant tbl29

Xiong, Guangyan; Cheng, Kun; Pauly, Markus

doi:10.1093/mp/sst014

Cited by 147 publications

(174 citation statements)

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“…It seems likely that abscisic acid (ABA) signaling plays a role in this response, as ABA is increased in tbl29/esl1 (Lefebvre et al, 2011) and the transcript profile of tbl29/ esk1 appears similar to that of wild-type plants treated with ABA or drought stressed (Xin et al, 2007;BouchabkeCoussa et al, 2008). The dark-green coloration of axy9.2 is very evident and also can be observed in tbl29/esk1 as well as other mutants with severe defects in vascular tissue Brown et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2005;Xiong et al, 2013). A similar phenotype has been reported for mutants defective for GA biosynthesis (Koornneef et al, 1990).…”

Section: Growth Phenotype Of the Axy92 Mutantsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…O-Acetylation of xylan was recently demonstrated to occur primarily on alternating xylosyl residues, allowing for the adsorption of xylan onto cellulose microfibrils, with the acetyl groups facing outward and increasing the hydrophobicity of the microfibrils (Busse-Wicher et al, 2014). Interestingly, expression of a fungal xylan acetylesterase in Arabidopsis was reported to result in a 50% decrease in stem O-acetyl content, a similar reduction to that in the tbl29/esk1 mutant, without resulting in a growth phenotype for the plants (Pogorelko et al, 2013;Xiong et al, 2013). This suggests that the timing or distribution of xylan O-acetylation depletion has functional implications for the wall.…”

Section: Growth Phenotype Of the Axy92 Mutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are several mutants deficient for xylan biosynthesis that have been demonstrated to have growth phenotypes reminiscent of that of the axy9.2 mutant with varying degrees of severity. These include knockouts of a xylan acetyltransferase (TBL29/ESK1; Xiong et al, 2013;Yuan et al, 2013), the RWA quadruple mutant (Manabe et al, 2013), as well as several glycosyltransferases . As these mutants tend to have irregular or partially collapsed xylem vessels, it is thought that the aberrant xylan produced in these mutants leads to a weaker xylem wall that is unable to withstand the negative pressure of the xylem vessels during water transport (Turner and Somerville, 1997;Turner et al, 2001;Persson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Growth Phenotype Of the Axy92 Mutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growth morphology of this mutant, which lacks XyG O-acetylation in leaves, etiolated seedlings, and roots, was not affected under laboratory growth conditions. Arabidopsis mutants deficient for a putative xylan acetyltransferase (TBL29/ESKIMO1 [ESK1]) were reported to have reduced growth and irregular xylem and to be freezing tolerant (Xin et al, 2007;Xiong et al, 2013;Yuan et al, 2013). Arabidopsis mutants deficient for other TBL genes have been reported to exhibit phenotypes such as aberrant trichomes (Bischoff et al, 2010a) and resistance to powdery mildew (Vogel et al, 2004), but polysaccharide acetylation defects have not been demonstrated in these cases.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Role of the Plant-Specific ALTERED XYLOGLUCAN9 Protein in Arabidopsis Cell Wall PolysaccharideO-Acetylation

et al. 2015

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A mutation in the ALTERED XYLOGLUCAN9 (AXY9) gene was found to be causative for the decreased xyloglucan acetylation phenotype of the axy9.1 mutant, which was identified in a forward genetic screen for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants. The axy9.1 mutant also exhibits decreased O-acetylation of xylan, implying that the AXY9 protein has a broad role in polysaccharide acetylation. An axy9 insertional mutant exhibits severe growth defects and collapsed xylem, demonstrating the importance of wall polysaccharide O-acetylation for normal plant growth and development. Localization and topological experiments indicate that the active site of the AXY9 protein resides within the Golgi lumen. The AXY9 protein appears to be a component of the plant cell wall polysaccharide acetylation pathway, which also includes the REDUCED WALL ACETYLATION and TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE-LIKE proteins. The AXY9 protein is distinct from the TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE-LIKE proteins, reported to be polysaccharide acetyltransferases, but does share homology with them and other acetyltransferases, suggesting that the AXY9 protein may act to produce an acetylated intermediate that is part of the O-acetylation pathway.

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Section: Growth Phenotype Of the Axy92 Mutantsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Growth Phenotype Of the Axy92 Mutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth Phenotype Of the Axy92 Mutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of the Plant-Specific ALTERED XYLOGLUCAN9 Protein in Arabidopsis Cell Wall PolysaccharideO-Acetylation

et al. 2015

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“…Producing corrosive acetic acid in bio-oil (Mante et al, 2014), acetyl groups on cell wall polymers are another potential target for genetic engineering of "pyrolysis crops. " Three enzyme classes, including the reduced wall acetylation (RWA) proteins, Trichome birefringence-like (TBL) and Altered Xyloglucan (AXY) proteins acetylate cell wall polysaccharides (Lee et al, 2011;Xiong et al, 2013;Schultink et al, 2015). A mutant of the dicot reference plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, which lacks expression of all four RWA genes, shows a 40% reduction in secondary wall-associated acetyl groups (Lee et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Biomass Composition and Liquid Products Formed via Pyrolysis

et al. 2015

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Thermal conversion of biomass is a rapid, low-cost way to produce a dense liquid product, known as bio-oil, that can be refined to transportation fuels. However, utilization of bio-oil is challenging due to its chemical complexity, acidity, and instability -all results of the intricate nature of biomass. A clear understanding of how biomass properties impact yield and composition of thermal products will provide guidance to optimize both biomass and conditions for thermal conversion. To aid elucidation of these associations, we first describe biomass polymers, including phenolics, polysaccharides, acetyl groups, and inorganic ions, and the chemical interactions among them. We then discuss evidence for three roles (i.e., models) for biomass components in the formation of liquid pyrolysis products: (1) as direct sources, (2) as catalysts, and (3) as indirect factors whereby chemical interactions among components and/or cell wall structural features impact thermal conversion products. We highlight associations that might be utilized to optimize biomass content prior to pyrolysis, though a more detailed characterization is required to understand indirect effects. In combination with high-throughput biomass characterization techniques, this knowledge will enable identification of biomass particularly suited for biofuel production and can also guide genetic engineering of bioenergy crops to improve biomass features.

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Plant Cell Walls: Improved Resources for Biofuels and Value‐Added Products through Genetic Engineering

Hao

Loqué

2017

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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To mitigate fossil‐fuel shortages and the environmental impact of excess fossil‐fuel consumption, bioconversion of biomass into biofuels has emerged as a clean and sustainable alternative. During the past decade, a significant amount of progress has been made in understanding and improving the production of second‐generation biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. While some challenges still need to be overcome, some of advancements led to the development of improved feedstocks to boot sugar release and incorporate functional groups into lignins to support the production of high‐value‐added by‐products. Key Concepts Plants sequester CO 2 and sunlight energy in their cell walls. The largest resource of sugars is stored in plant cell walls. Plant cell walls can be biologically converted into biofuels. Processes of plant cell walls into biofuels and value‐added products need optimisation. Every cell‐wall components need to be valorised: ‘No waste policy’. Plants can be engineered to optimise cell‐wall conversion efficiency.

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Xylan O-Acetylation Impacts Xylem Development and Enzymatic Recalcitrance as Indicated by the Arabidopsis Mutant tbl29

Cited by 147 publications

References 10 publications

The Role of the Plant-Specific ALTERED XYLOGLUCAN9 Protein in Arabidopsis Cell Wall PolysaccharideO-Acetylation

The Role of the Plant-Specific ALTERED XYLOGLUCAN9 Protein in Arabidopsis Cell Wall PolysaccharideO-Acetylation

Relationships between Biomass Composition and Liquid Products Formed via Pyrolysis

Plant Cell Walls: Improved Resources for Biofuels and Value‐Added Products through Genetic Engineering

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