Xxiii. Some Physical Properties of Sands and Gravels, With Special Reference to Their Use in Filtration

Hazen, Allen

doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674600485.c25

Cited by 163 publications

(224 citation statements)

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“…From the numerous models that can be used to relate changes in hydraulic conductivity and mineral reactions to microbial activity [e.g., 17,22,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65], the popular Mualem approach [66] was chosen for both relative conductivity and saturated conductivity, in order to be consistent with the underlying assumptions of the capillary pore bundle concept. The relative hydraulic conductivity (LT -1 ) is calculated from the saturated hydraulic conductivity (LT -1 ) using:…”

Section: Permeability Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mineral reactions on the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils: Model development and application

Wissmeier

Barry

2009

Advances in Water Resources

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbsThe selective radius shift model was used to relate changes in mineral volume due to precipitation/dissolution reactions to changes in hydraulic properties affecting flow in porous media. The model accounts for (i) precipitation/dissolution taking place only in the water-filled part of the pore space and further that (ii) the amount of mineral precipitation/dissolution within a pore depends on the local pore volume. The pore bundle concept was used to connect pore-scale changes to macroscopic soil hydraulic properties. Precipitation/dissolution induces changes in the pore radii of water-filled pores and, consequently, in the effective porosity. In a time step of the numerical model, mineral reactions lead to a discontinuous pore-size distribution because only the water-filled pores are affected. The pore-size distribution is converted back to a soil moisture characteristic function to which a new water retention curve is fitted under physically plausible constraints. The model equations were derived for the commonly used van Genuchten/Mualem hydraulic properties. Together with a mixed-form solution of Richards' equation for aqueous phase flow, the model was implemented into the geochemical modelling framework PHREEQC, thereby making available PHREEQC's comprehensive geochemical reactions. Example applications include kinetic halite dissolution and calcite precipitation as a consequence of cation exchange. These applications showed marked changes in the soil's hydraulic properties due to mineral precipitation/dissolution and the dependency of these changes on water contents. The simulations also revealed the strong influence of the degree of saturation on the development of the saturated hydraulic conductivity through its quadratic dependency on the van Genuchten parameter . Furthermore, it was shown that the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at fixed reduced water content can even r tract increase du ing precipitation due to changes in the pore-size distribution.

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Section: Permeability Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mineral reactions on the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils: Model development and application

Wissmeier

Barry

2009

Advances in Water Resources

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“…Furthermore, in the direction of parameter P1, the V-shape valley of decreasing and increasing trend of the objective function shows that the objective function is more sensitive to the parameter P1 as compared to the P2. [42] and Kozeny-Carmen [45], and the new equation by including mud (%) and two fitting parameters. The fitting parameters were estimated by inversion using first 25 measurements and for the rest of the measurements model hydraulic conductivity was estimated by using the estimated fitting parameters in the new equation.…”

Section: Optimization Of the Target Equations By Inclusion Of A Seconmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An analysis of 21 empirical methods used to estimate hydraulic conductivity from grain size analysis shows that there is a large error between measured and estimated values using most of the methods ( Figure 4A) [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Each of the 21 methods contains somewhat different assumptions and specific equations should be applied to specific recommended sediment types, but many of these methods have not been used properly in numerous investigations, particularly by practitioners in the engineering field.…”

Section: Empirical Hydraulic Conductivity Estimates From Grain Size Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method of Relating Grain Size Distribution to Hydraulic Conductivity in Dune Sands to Assist in Assessing Managed Aquifer Recharge Projects: Wadi Khulays Dune Field, Western Saudi Arabia

López

Jadoon

Missimer

2015

Water

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Planning for use of a dune field aquifer for managed aquifer recharge (MAR) requires that hydraulic properties need to be estimated over a large geographic area. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of dune sands is commonly estimated from grain size distribution data by employing some type of empirical equation. Over 50 samples from the Wadi Khulays dune field in Western Saudi Arabia were collected and the grain size distribution, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity were measured. An evaluation of 20 existing empirical equations showed a generally high degree of error in the predicted compared to the measured hydraulic conductivity values of these samples. Statistical analyses comparing estimated versus measured hydraulic conductivity demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between hydraulic conductivity and mud percentage (and skewness). The modified Beyer equation, which showed a generally low prediction error, was modified by adding a second term fitting parameter related to the mud concentration based on 25 of the 50 samples analyzed. An inverse optimization process was conducted to quantify the fitting parameter and a new empirical equation was developed. This equation was tested against the remaining 25 samples analyzed and produced an estimated saturated hydraulic conductivity with the lowest error of any empirical equation. This methodology OPEN ACCESSWater 2015, 7 6412 can be used for large dune field hydraulic conductivity estimation and reduce planning costs for MAR systems.

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“…The shaded area represents the probable range of seasonal variations. The term "effective grain size" (D10 ) was first used by Hazen (1893) and by definition is chosen so that 10 percent by weight of the material is of smaller grains and 90 percent is of larger grains. Hazen's experimental work indicated that effective size was a good working index of the permeability of a filter sand, because he found that the permeability of an unsorted sand was roughly equal to that of a sand composed entirely of grains of the effective size.…”

Section: C48 Studies Of Sites For Nuclear Energy Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrology of Brookhaven National Laboratory and vicinity, Suffolk County, New York

1968

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Xxiii. Some Physical Properties of Sands and Gravels, With Special Reference to Their Use in Filtration

Cited by 163 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of mineral reactions on the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils: Model development and application

Effect of mineral reactions on the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils: Model development and application

Method of Relating Grain Size Distribution to Hydraulic Conductivity in Dune Sands to Assist in Assessing Managed Aquifer Recharge Projects: Wadi Khulays Dune Field, Western Saudi Arabia

Hydrology of Brookhaven National Laboratory and vicinity, Suffolk County, New York

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