XXII.—Studies on the Scottish Marine Fauna: The Natural Faunistic Divisions of the North Sea as shown by the Quantitative Distribution of the Molluscs

Stephen, A. C.

doi:10.1017/s0080456800016860

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Information on the distribution of species of Nucula has been gathered from Bruce, Colman & Jones (1963), Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus (1887-98), Carus (1889), Dautzenberg (1910), Forbes & Hanley (1848-53: Vol. 11), Haas (1926, Hidalgo (1917), Jeffreys (18621878-79), Jensen & Sparck (1934), Locard (1898), Madsen (1949), Marine Biological Association (1957, Nichols (1900), Nickles (1947,1955), Norman (1879), Ockelmann (1958, Stephen (1933) and Ziegelmeier (1957). I am indebted to Dr T. Soot-Ryen for details of the distribution of N. sulcata in Norway.…”

Section: Junementioning

confidence: 99%

The Hydroid and the medusaNeoturris pileata

Edwards¹

1965

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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The hitherto unknown hydroid of the anthomedusa Neoturris pileata has been found abundantly in the Clyde Sea Area, and medusae from it have been reared. The hydroid and the stages of development of the medusa are described and figured. The medusa is commonly present in the plankton in this area.The identity of the hydroid Perigonimus abyssi, which closely resembles Neoturris pileata, is discussed: it cannot be determined certainly until medusae have been reared from the hydroid.The habitat and the distribution of the hydroid N. pileata are described and discussed. In the Clyde Sea Area it is found at depths from about 50 m to the greatest in the area (160-180 m) on the shells of living protobranch molluscs of the genus Nucula in soft mud-very abundantly on N. sulcata, commonly though less abundantly on N. turgida, very sparingly on N. nucleus, and very rarely on N. tenuis. It has not been found on Nuculana minuta nor on a variety of other animals examined. A comparative study has been made of the burrowing habits of these species of protobranchs, and correlations have been found between these habits and the varying degrees of hydroid settlement on the different species. Neoturris pileata has specialized habits adapted to the peculiar burrowing mode of life of these molluscs.The world distributions of the medusa N. pileata and the species of Nucula with which its hydroid has been found associated in the Clyde Sea Area are described and discussed, and correlations are shown.The seasonal occurrence of the medusa is described; and probable relations between its seasonal appearance in different places and the hydrographic and the climatic conditions there-particularly water-mixing and its effect on the temperature and the oxygen-content of the sea-are discussed. Kramp

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Section: Junementioning

confidence: 99%

The Hydroid and the medusaNeoturris pileata

Edwards¹

1965

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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“…Nucula turgida is also fairly common. Described by Stephen (1923Stephen ( , 1933. It may correspond as a coastal community on a sand bottom to the Syndosmya alba community.…”

Section: Level Sea Bottommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that it was possible without serious difficulty to identify the animal communities found in Faxa Bay with those described by Petersen and others shows that Petersen's conception of animal communities is of great value when considering the broad lines of zoogeography or the relationship of the fauna at various places. I n Einarsson's opinion attempts to base a description of the fauna on other principles (Davis, 1925; Stephen, 1933Stephen, , 1934 have not been so successful as to invite one to abandon the Petersen idea of communities.…”

Section: Mytilus Edulis Epifauna 2 Modiola Modiolus Epifaunamentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Bottom Communities

Jones

1950

Biological Reviews

192

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SUMMARY The more important contributions to the literature of animal communities on the sea bottom are summarized. It is concluded that while there has been much disagreement about the constitution of the communities, the chief criticism has been directed against the view that they are units bound together by biological factors. There is little evidence for this idea. However, most workers agree that communities exist and that there is a correlation between their distribution and that of certain physical factors. Therefore any system of classification should be based on the external conditions. The factors affecting the distribution of communities are discussed. The significant factors are probably temperature, salinity, and the nature of the bottom deposit. A scheme of classification applying to the communities of the littoral system is suggested, and an attempt is made to define the range of physical conditions within which each exists. Only the Atlantic boreal region is sufficiently well investigated for the classification to be applied in detail. The communities are described as shallow when the animals composing them are eurythermal and euryhaline within wide limits, offshore when they are eurythermal and euryhaline within narrower limits, and deep when they are stenothermal and stenohaline. Each group is subdivided according to the type of bottom on which the communities occur. There is more or less intergrading between neighbouring communities, both vertically and horizontally. The more important species occurring in each community are listed and the probable place in the classification of the communities previously described is shown. The reasons for the existence of animal communities on the sea bottom are discussed. The morphology and mode of life of certain species seem to be important in restricting them to certain grades of deposit, and while analysis of feeding methods does not at present indicate that the latter are of paramount importance in this respect, it is possible that more detailed studies on individual species will prove them to be so. The quantitative investigations into the fauna of the sea bottom are discussed, and it is concluded that there is little probability of valuable results arising from evaluations at the present time. On the other hand, much useful information may be expected from further studies of the differences in production apparent on different deposits and between different areas, and of the changes in numbers that take place from time to time among the population of a single area.

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“…Stephen (1928Stephen ( , 1929Stephen ( , 1932 has studied quantitatively the bivalve-annelid communities at many points along the Scottish coast. that species taken from all levels in a particular communitv.…”

Section: Annuation and Successionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Marine Communities of a Tidal Inlet at Cape Ann, Massachusetts: A Study in Bio‐Ecology

Dexter¹

1947

Ecological Monographs

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XXII.—Studies on the Scottish Marine Fauna: The Natural Faunistic Divisions of the North Sea as shown by the Quantitative Distribution of the Molluscs

Cited by 40 publications

References 3 publications

The Hydroid and the medusaNeoturris pileata

The Hydroid and the medusaNeoturris pileata

Marine Bottom Communities

The Marine Communities of a Tidal Inlet at Cape Ann, Massachusetts: A Study in Bio‐Ecology

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