XV.—The Periostracum of<i>Mytilus edulis</i>

Dunachie, J. F.

doi:10.1017/s0080456800012618

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For example, in the freshwater snail Pomacea paludosa, 3 d after shell removal, hemocytes were detected in the extrapallial space (Watabe & Blackwelder 1980). They eventually aggregated with other cell fragments to form a cellular barrier, which contributed to the deposition of a new mineral phase 7 d (Dunachie 1963). In the freshwater bivalve Anodonta grandis, after shell damage, hemocytes accumulated in the thickness of the altered mantle, where they were presumably responsible for regenerating the injured part of the mantle (Saleuddin 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral phase in shell repair of Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum affected by brown ring disease

Trinkler¹,

Bardeau²,

Marin³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The mineral phase of shell repair in the Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum affected by brown ring disease (BRD) was characterised at various scales and at various stages of shell repair by confocal Raman microspectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. Spherulitic and quadrangular aragonite microstructures associated with polyene pigments were clearly observed. Von Kossa staining showed that at the beginning of shell repair, hemocytes are filled with insoluble calcium carbonate salts in all fluids and then are transported toward the extrapallial fluids and the repair sites. Our analyses suggest that after a Vibrio tapetis attack and BRD deposit some clams rapidly cover the deposit, resulting in a modification in the microstructure, which could be produced by the participation of both the mantle and hemocytes.KEY WORDS: Aragonite · Hemocytes · Shell microstructure · Calcium carbonate · Biomineralization · Mollusc · Raman microspectrometry · Scanning electron microscopy Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 93: 149-162, 2011149-162, al. 1989149-162, , Flassch et al. 1992. Landeda was the first Manila clam production site in France (Paillard et al. 1989, Flassch et al. 1992.Vibrio tapetis colonises the periostracum and inhibits the normal process of shell biomineralisation. The external response of the clam to the bacterial attack consists of a secretion of a brown organic matrix on the inner face of the shell, the well-known 'brown ring'. Immunological or PCR studies on the different physiological fluids of the clam have shown that, at later stages of the infection, V. tapetis invades the circulatory system (hemolymph) and the extrapallial fluids (Allam 1998, Allam et al. 2002, Paillard et al. 2006. At this advanced stage, clams often die from a hemolymphatic septicaemia. In some cases, clams recover by secreting a white shell layer on the brown organic matrix (Paillard & Maes 1995a,b). The bulk organic matrix associated with the shell repair has been recently characterised using Raman microspectrometry, wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (WDS) microprobe analysis and organic matrix quantification (Trinkler et al. 2009(Trinkler et al. , 2010a. However, the mineral phase and the microstructure of repaired Manila clam shells, including those that exhibit a fully repaired shell, have not yet been studied. In the present study, experimental investigations have been performed on the microstructure and the nature of the calcium carbonate repair layer, using Raman microspectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In particular, Raman microspectrometry, a nondestructive and noninvasive technique, provides qualitative and quantitative information on organomineral composites (Urmos et al. 1991, Kontoyannis & Vagenas 2000, Withnall et al. 2003, Hedegaard et al. 2006, Carteret et al. 2009). A complementary characterisation using the Von Kossa stain, which is a stain specific for insoluble calcium salts, was performed on hemolymph and extrapallia...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral phase in shell repair of Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum affected by brown ring disease

Trinkler¹,

Bardeau²,

Marin³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Subsequently, Dunachie (1963) and Beedham (1965), who studied Mytilus edulis and Anodonta, respectively, attributed the same function to the circulating hemocytes of these two bivalves. The chemical and biophysical bases of how molluscan hemocytes take up and transport calcium and protein is still uncertain.…”

Section: Shell Repairmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Classification of Molluscan Hemocytes Based on Functional Evidences

Cheng

1984

Invertebrate Blood

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“…13). Vacuoles are present in the middle layer of the periostracum of Mytilus edulis (see Dunachie 1963) and also Arctica, Glauconome and Corbicula ( Fig. 12G-I (Fig.…”

Section: Shell Microstructure Characters (Figs 6-15)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Bivalve Tree of Life – an exemplar-based approach combining molecular and novel morphological characters

Bieler

Mikkelsen

Collins

et al. 2014

Invert. Systematics

213

211

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Abstract. To re-evaluate the relationships of the major bivalve lineages, we amassed detailed morpho-anatomical, ultrastructural and molecular sequence data for a targeted selection of exemplar bivalves spanning the phylogenetic diversity of the class. We included molecular data for 103 bivalve species (up to five markers) and also analysed a subset of taxa with four additional nuclear protein-encoding genes. Novel as well as historically employed morphological characters were explored, and we systematically disassembled widely used descriptors such as gill and stomach 'types'. Phylogenetic analyses, conducted using parsimony direct optimisation and probabilistic methods on static alignments (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) of the molecular data, both alone and in combination with morphological characters, offer a robust test of bivalve relationships. A calibrated phylogeny also provided insights into the tempo of bivalve evolution. Finally, an analysis of the informativeness of morphological characters showed that sperm ultrastructure characters are among the best morphological features to diagnose bivalve clades, followed by characters of the shell, including its microstructure. Our study found support for monophyly of most broadly recognised higher bivalve taxa, although support was not uniform for Protobranchia. However, monophyly of the bivalves with protobranchiate gills was the best-supported hypothesis with incremental morphological and/or molecular sequence data. Autobranchia,

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XV.—The Periostracum ofMytilus edulis

Cited by 41 publications

References 15 publications

Mineral phase in shell repair of Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum affected by brown ring disease

Mineral phase in shell repair of Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum affected by brown ring disease

A Classification of Molluscan Hemocytes Based on Functional Evidences

Investigating the Bivalve Tree of Life – an exemplar-based approach combining molecular and novel morphological characters

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