XPS study of surface chemistry of tungsten carbides nanopowders produced through DC thermal plasma/hydrogen annealing process

Krasovskii, Pavel V.; Malinovskaya, O. S.; Самохин, А. В.; Blagoveshchenskiy, Yury V.; Казаков, В. А.; Ашмарин, А. А.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.02.152

Cited by 104 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…C1s binding energies were then subsequently stabilised from etch time 30 s onwards. As expected, AMNP0 gave only singlets at 283.4 eV in the C1s spectrum, which is ascribed with the metal carbide energy state [39]. Figure 8b shows the XPS W4f spectrum acquired from AMNP0, consistent binding energies (eV) at 32, 34 (4f 7/2 and 4f 5/2 doublet), and 37 (5p 3/2 ) were measured throughout, and these signals again indicated the presence of the carbidic bonding associated with WC in the AMNP0 [53].…”

Section: Atomic and Chemical State Analysessupporting

confidence: 79%

“…1335/1298 and 1582/1597 cm −1 were observed for AMNP1/AMNP2, respectively, with the Raman active peaks at lower frequency associated with the so-called D-band characteristic of the A 1g mode of diamond type carbon with sp 3 hybridisation. Thus, the vibrational bands at higher frequency were observed to be in agreement with the G vibrational band (E 2g ) characteristic of sp 2 hybridised graphitic carbon [38,39]. The relative intensity of the D and G vibrational bands indicates a greater degree of graphitisation in AMNP2 [40].…”

Section: Chemical Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 53%

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Characterisation of the Chemical Composition and Structural Features of Novel Antimicrobial Nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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Three antimicrobial nanoparticle types (AMNP0, AMNP1, and AMNP2) produced using the TesimaTM thermal plasma technology were investigated and their compositions were determined using a combination of analytical methods. Scanning electron micrographs provided the morphology of these particles with observed sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm, whilst FTIR spectra confirmed the absence of polar bonds and organic impurities, and strong Raman active vibrational bands at ca. 1604 and 1311 cm−1 ascribed to C–C vibrational motions were observed. Carbon signals that resonated at δC 126 ppm in the solid state NMR spectra confirmed that sp2 hybridised carbons were present in high concentration in two of the nanoparticle types (AMNP1 and AMNP2). X-ray powder diffraction suggested that AMNP0 contains single phase Tungsten carbide (WC) in a high state of purity and multiple phases of WC/WC1-x were identified in both AMNP1 and AMNP2. Finally, X-ray photoelectron spectral (XPS) analyses revealed and quantified the elemental ratios in these composite formulations.

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Section: Atomic and Chemical State Analysessupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Chemical Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 53%

Characterisation of the Chemical Composition and Structural Features of Novel Antimicrobial Nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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“…Figure 4f shows O1s spectrum which can be deconvoluted into three Gaussian curves centered at 530.4 eV, 531.7 eV and 532.7 eV. The low binding energy component is ascribed to the O 2− ions in WO 3–x while the components at the higher binding energy region are related to the O-C from sample holder and physisorbed water molecules 33 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Z-Scheme Hydrogen Production over Oxygen-Deficient WO3–x Nanorods supported Zn0.3Cd0.7S Heterostructure

Yousaf

Imran

Zaidi

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The demand for clean renewable energy is increasing due to depleting fossil fuels and environmental concerns. Photocatalytic hydrogen production through water splitting is one such promising route to meet global energy demands with carbon free technology. Alternative photocatalysts avoiding noble metals are highly demanded. Herein, we fabricated heterostructure consist of oxygen-deficient WO3–x nanorods with Zn0.3Cd0.7S nanoparticles for an efficient Z-Scheme photocatalytic system. Our as obtained heterostructure showed photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 352.1 μmol h−1 with apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) of 7.3% at λ = 420 nm. The photocatalytic hydrogen production reaches up to 1746.8 μmol after 5 hours process in repeatable manner. The UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra show strong absorption in the visible region which greatly favors the photocatalytic performance. Moreover, the efficient charge separation suggested by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and photocurrent response curves exhibit enhancement in H2 evolution rate. The strong interface contact between WO3–x nanorods and Zn0.3Cd0.7S nanoparticles ascertained from HRTEM images also play an important role for the emigration of electron. Our findings provide possibilities for the design and development of new Z-scheme photocatalysts for highly efficient hydrogen production.

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“…The high content of O results from the phosphorus oxides and a thin layer of oxygen on the surface of the WP nanowire and CC fiber originating from the oxidation process . In the W regions (Figure c), the binding energies (Bes) appearing at 31.8 and 34.0 eV are attributed to W 4f 7/2 and W 4f 5/2 , respectively . Additionally, as shown in the P 2p region (Figure d), the doublet at 129.8 and 130.8 eV can be assigned to P 2p 3/2 and P 2p 1/2 of WP, respectively .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 91%

“…[25][26][27][28] In the Wr egions (Figure 2c), the binding energies (Bes) appearing at 31.8 and 34.0 eV are attributed to W4f 7/2 and W4f 5/2 ,r espectively. [23,29,30] Additionally,a ss hown in the P2pr egion (Figure 2d), the doublet at 129.8 and 130.8 eV can be assigned to P2p 3/2 and P2p 1/2 of WP,r espectively. [23] The other P2pb road peak is composedo f P2p 3/2 and P2p 1/2 doubletsa t1 34.5 and 135.4 eV,w hich are assigned to phosphate species.…”

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confidence: 86%

Nanowire of WP as a High‐Performance Anode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Pan

Chen

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

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The design and development of electrode materials with high specific capacity and long cycling life for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) is still a critical challenge. In this communication, we report the development of tungsten phosphide (WP) nanowire on carbon cloth (WP/CC) as an anode for SIBs. The WP/CC exhibits superior sodium storage capability with 502 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Moreover, this anode is capable of delivering a long lifespan at 2 A g−1 with an excellent capacity retention of 99 % after 1000 cycles.

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XPS study of surface chemistry of tungsten carbides nanopowders produced through DC thermal plasma/hydrogen annealing process

Cited by 104 publications

References 32 publications

Characterisation of the Chemical Composition and Structural Features of Novel Antimicrobial Nanoparticles

Characterisation of the Chemical Composition and Structural Features of Novel Antimicrobial Nanoparticles

Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Z-Scheme Hydrogen Production over Oxygen-Deficient WO3–x Nanorods supported Zn0.3Cd0.7S Heterostructure

Nanowire of WP as a High‐Performance Anode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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