XPS study of nitridation of diamond and graphite with a nitrogen ion beam

Atomic-scale characterization of nitrogen-doped graphite: Effects of dopant nitrogen on the local electronic structure of the surrounding carbon atoms

“…It has been reported that the relative amount of pyridinic-N is comparable to that of graphitic-N when the sample is prepared with higher energies (a few kiloelectron volts) and more intense ion fluxes of nitrogen. 23,25,26,38 This suggests that the graphitic-N-rich surfaces can be obtained with small doses and low energies of nitrogen ion.…”

“…The same two peak components have been reported as dominant for nitrogen-doped graphite or graphene prepared by the ion bombardment method, also for different collision energies (0.1-6.0 keV), different annealing temperatures, or both. 23,25,26,38 However, the ratio of the peak intensities depends on the ion collision energy, flux of ions, and annealing temperature. In Fig.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Various applications of Ndoped graphite materials have also been reported, such as in biosensors, 9 fuel cells, [10][11][12][13][14][15] capacitors, 16 electronic devices, [17][18][19] and spin filter devices. 20,21 By x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the nitrogen species in N-doped graphite materials 12,13,15,19,[22][23][24][25][26] have been identified mainly as pyridinic-N (characterized by a binding energy of ∼398.5 eV), pyrrolic-N (400.5 eV), and graphitic-N or quaternary-N (401.2 eV). 6,[27][28][29] However, a detailed picture of the local electronic modifications in N-doped graphite induced by each of N atoms has not been clarified.…”

A One‐Step Method for the Growth of Ga2O3‐Nanorod‐Based White‐Light‐Emitting Phosphors

“…The well-established explanation for the bluishgreen emission range is that large quantities of oxygen vacancies are produced when Ga 2 O 3 is synthesized at high temperatures. [27] The explanation for the emission in the UV and bluish-green region are well established, there are only a few reports on the red emission of Ga 2 O 3 . Nitrogen impurities are thought to be the source of the red luminescence.…”

“…The bluish emission is attributed to the recombination of an electron on a donor with a hole on an acceptor formed by gallium vacancy or gallium-oxygen vacancy pair. [22,27] The different emissions have been marked by arrows. Now, we discuss the growth mechanism of Ga 2 O 3 nanorods.…”