“…36͒ and a 3d 5/2 :3d 3/2 intensity ratio of 3:2 have been used for the fitting after appropriate correction of the background with a single Shirley ͑Gaussian-step͒ function. Using the literature values for different Mo oxides, 23,34,36 we assign the observed Mo 3d 5/2 ͑3d 3/2 ͒ features at 228.5 eV ͑231.6 eV͒, 230.8 eV ͑233.9 eV͒, 232.2 eV ͑235.3 eV͒, and 233.7 eV ͑236.7 eV͒ to Mo 0 ͑i.e., metallic Mo͒, Mo 4+ , Mo 5+ , and Mo 6+ states, respectively. An excellent fit has been obtained when the peak widths for the Mo 0 , Mo 4+ , Mo 5+ , and Mo 6+ features were set to 1.0Ϯ 0.2 eV, 2.4Ϯ 0.2 eV, 1.2Ϯ 0.2 eV, and 1.3Ϯ 0.2 eV FWHM, respectively.…”