XPS study of Al/polyethylene terephtalate interface

Silvain, Jean François; Arzur, A.; Alnot, M.; Ehrhardt, J.J.; Lutgen, Pierre

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(91)91099-j

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The broader, higher energy peaks were indicative of oxidized Al, whereas the lower energy peaks were consistent with the presence of Al metal . The differences in binding energies of 2.5−2.8 eV for these species were intermediate between the differences for Al and AlF 3 (Δ = 3.4 eV), AlCl 3 (Δ = 1.8 eV), Al(OH) 3 (Δ = 1.1, 1.3 eV), and Al 2 O 3 (Δ = 0.8−1.5 eV), and were close to that of 2.6 eV proposed for AlOF and Al in the thermal deposition of Al on fluorinated poly(ethylene terephthalate) …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…36 The differences in binding energies of 2.5-2.8 eV for these species were intermediate between the differences for Al and AlF 3 (∆ ) 3.4 eV), AlCl 3 (∆ ) 1.8 eV), Al(OH) 3 (∆ ) 1.1, 1.3 eV), and Al 2 O 3 (∆ ) 0.8-1.5 eV), 36 and were close to that of 2.6 eV proposed for AlOF and Al in the thermal deposition of Al on fluorinated poly(ethylene terephthalate). 46 The role that TiCl 4 played in the deposition process was unclear. There was visible and XPS evidence for Al deposition on surfaces treated with TiCl 4 and DMEAA; there was no evidence of Al on clean surfaces treated only with DMEAA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Temperature Metallization of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and Poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Berry

Turner

1999

Chem. Mater.

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Aluminum films were deposited on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) substrates pretreated with TiCl 4 vapor at ambient temperature for 1 h and exposed to dimethylethylamine alane vapor for 8-72 h also at ambient temperature. The films were adherent, conducting, and polycrystalline with no preferred orientation. Scanning electron micrographs showed the surfaces to be rough and porous. X-ray photoelectron spectra contained evidence of oxidized and metallic Al, as well as F, O, C, and Cl.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Metallization of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and Poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Berry

Turner

1999

Chem. Mater.

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“…Interfacial properties are generally divided into structural, chemical, and mechanical aspects, whereby all three are naturally related. For metal‐polymer composites, most frequent methods to study interface chemistry and structure are ex situ or in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) because of high surface sensitivity and resolution at small length scales, respectively. Relating chemical and structural aspects to mechanical adhesion (peel test, tensile‐induced delamination) allows to identify favorable interfacial conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial mutations in the Al‐polyimide system

Pütz

Milassin

Butenko

et al. 2018

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Understanding the thermal stability of metal-polymer interfaces is essential for the reliability of innovative high-tech devices, including flexible electronics or satellite insulation. In this study, the interfacial stability of aluminum-polyimide (Al-PI) is investigated as a function of thermal cycling (±150°C) and thermal annealing treatments (150°C-300°C) with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements performed after peeling and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis. Small mutations in the interface chemistry and structure were detected and identified after annealing at 225°C for 140 hours, including the thickness increase of an amorphous interlayer between Al and PI of about 2 nm and a change in the failure mechanism during the peeling. Being able to trace subcritical mutations before they become fatal is essential to predict the reliability and lifetime of metal-polymer composites.

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“…The C 1s signal at the lowest energy peak at 285 eV is attributed to adventitious C−H species. The C 1s middle energy peak with a binding energy of ∼286.5 eV is attributed to C−O species. ,– , Both of these peaks are expected in the alucone MLD films.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular Layer Deposition of Alucone Polymer Films Using Trimethylaluminum and Ethylene Glycol

et al. 2008

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Polymeric films can be grown by a sequential, self-limiting surface chemistry process known as molecular layer deposition (MLD). The MLD reactants are typically bifunctional monomers for stepwise condensation polymerization and can yield completely organic films. The MLD of organic–inorganic hybrid polymers can also be accomplished using a bifunctional organic monomer and a multifunctional inorganic monomer. In this work, the growth of a poly(aluminum ethylene glycol) polymer is demonstrated using the sequential exposures of trimethylaluminum (TMA) and ethylene glycol (EG). These hybrid polymers, known as alucones, were grown over a wide range of temperatures from 85 to 175 °C. In situ quartz crystal microbalance and ex situ X-ray reflectivity experiments confirmed linear growth of the alucone film versus number of TMA/EG reaction cycles at all temperatures. The alucone growth rates decreased at higher temperatures. Growth rates varied from 4.0 Å per cycle at 85 °C to 0.4 Å per cycle at 175 °C. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the surface reactions during alucone MLD. Ex situ FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray reflectivity measurements were also employed to determine the chemical composition, thickness, and density of the alucone films. These ex situ studies revealed that the alucone films grown on Al2O3 ALD surfaces evolved under ambient conditions before reaching a stable state. Alucone films capped with rapid SiO2 ALD displayed much more stability than alucone films grown on Al2O3 ALD surfaces. These results indicated that H2O may facilitate the chemical transformation of the alucone MLD films. The alucone films represent a new class of organic–inorganic hybrid polymers. Modification of this basic alucone MLD chemistry with use of other diols or other bifunctional monomers can produce different alucone polymers with variable properties.

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XPS study of Al/polyethylene terephtalate interface

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Low-Temperature Metallization of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and Poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Low-Temperature Metallization of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and Poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Interfacial mutations in the Al‐polyimide system

Molecular Layer Deposition of Alucone Polymer Films Using Trimethylaluminum and Ethylene Glycol

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