XPS Studies of Oxygen Evolution on Ru and RuO2 Anodes

Abstract

Anodic oxidation of Ru and RuO2 electrodes in 1N H2SO4 has been investigated using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. During O2 evolution on Ru a highly defective hydrated oxide film is formed as a result of corrosion. At a temperature of 310°C in vacuum this film decomposes to metallic ruthenium. The surface of RuO2 anodes prepared by thermal decomposition of RuCl3 contains some RuO3 , which is stable during anodic polarization. A reaction path for O2 evolution and corrosion on Ru and RuO2 anodes is proposed.

Continuous-Flow Hydrogenation of D-Xylose with Bimetallic Ruthenium Catalysts on Micrometric Alumina

“…The value is a bit higher in energy than most commonly reported values (Ru 0 between 461.1-461.6 eV [20]) but below the values expected for RuO 2 (462.4-462.5eV [21]). The observed binding energy allied to the small peak asymmetry observed at high binding energy and Ru/Al ratio suggests the presence of ruthenium as nanoparticles [22][23][24][25]. This is further corroborated by the absence of diffraction peaks associated to ruthenium in X-ray diffraction, suggesting crystallite sizes below 4 nm [24][25].…”

Preparation of a Cu–Ru/carbon nanotube catalyst for hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol via hydrogen spillover

“…The binding energies of Ru in Ru/MWCNTs are 280.5 eV (Ru 3d 5/2 ), 461.7 eV (Ru 3p 3/2 ) and 484.1 eV (Ru 3p 1/2 ), suggesting the presence of elemental Ru at the external surface of catalyst. 10, 15 The binding energies of Cu in Cu/MWCNTs are 932.8 eV (Cu 2p 3/2 ) and 952.6 eV (Cu 2p 1/2 ), corresponding to the presence of surface metallic Cu species. 16 The binding energy of C 1s (284.7 eV) on Ru/MWCNTs is the same as that of Cu/ MWCNTs.…”

In situ ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy measurement of the pentacene-RuO2/Ti contact energy structure

“…The Ru 3d 3/2 and Ru 3d 5/2 metal peaks at 284.15 and 280.25 eV were observed in the Ru film. 8 But in the RuO 2 film deposited at ͑Ar: O 2 =40:10͒, Ru metal peaks disappeared and RuO 2 3d 3/2 peak at 285.00 eV and RuO 2 3d 5/2 peak at 281.24 eV were observed. The O 1s spectrum in Fig.…”

“…The peaks near 531.40 and 533.03 eV indicating RuOH and adsorbed H 2 O were observed in both Ru and RuO 2 films. 8 It is believed that adsorbed moisture in the air reacting with the native oxide of Ru forms -OH on both Ru and RuO 2 film surfaces. In contrast with Ru film deposited at ͑Ar: O 2 =50:0͒, the peak of 529.84 eV assigned to RuO 2 bonding state was observed in RuO 2 film deposited at ͑Ar: O 2 =40:10͒.…”

“…In contrast with Ru film deposited at ͑Ar: O 2 =50:0͒, the peak of 529.84 eV assigned to RuO 2 bonding state was observed in RuO 2 film deposited at ͑Ar: O 2 =40:10͒. 8 To examine the work function of S/D electrode and actual hole-injection barrier between S/D electrode and pentacene, in situ UPS measurement was performed during pentacene deposition on S/D electrode. The UPS spectrum of RuO x / Ti film deposited at ͑Ar: O 2 =45:5͒ and RuO 2 / Ti film deposited at ͑Ar: O 2 =40:10͒ covered with different pentacene thicknesses, was shown in Figs tively.…”