XPS determination of compositions of alloy surfaces and surface oxides on mechanically polished iron-chromium alloys

XPS Characterization of the Surface Oxide Film of 316L Stainless Steel Samples that were Located in Quasi-Biological Environments

“…The spectrometer was calibrated against Au 4f 6) The composition and thickness of the surface oxide and composition of the substrate were simultaneously calculated, according to the method by one of the present authors. 7,8) Empirical data [7][8][9][10][12][13][14] and theoretically calculated data 11) of the relative photoionization cross-sections were used for the quantification. Relative photoionization cross-sections used in this study are summarized in Table 5 where σ ij /σ O1s represents the relative photoionization cross-section of a level j electron of an element i to that of O 1s electrons.…”

“…It is also assumed that all the oxygen is coming from surface oxide, where "oxide" does not mean simply anhydrous oxidic substances but rather oxyhydroxides. 7,10) However, some part of oxygen on specimens "MEM + FBS" and "L929" should be originating from proteins adsorbed on the top of the surface oxide film.…”

Surface Oxide Films on Titanium Alloys Regenerated in Hanks’ Solution

“…16) The compositions of the surface oxide film and the substrate were simultaneously calculated according to the method of one of the authors of this study. 17,18) Empirical data 18-21, 23, 24) and theoretically calculated data 22) of the relative photoionization cross-sections were used for the quantification. The relative photoionization cross-sections used in this study are summarized in Table 3, where σ i j /σ O1s represents the relative photoionization cross-section of a level j electron of an element i to that of O 1s electrons.…”

Characterization of the Surface Oxide Film on an Fe-Cr-N System Alloy in Environments Simulating the Human Body

“…It is also assumed that all the oxygen comes from the surface oxide, where ''oxide'' does not mean simply anhydrous oxidic substances but, rather, oxyhydroxides. 7,8) However, some of the oxygen in the ''MEM+FBS'' and ''L929'' specimens should originate from proteins adsorbed on top of the surface oxide film.…”

“…7,8) Empirical data [7][8][9][10][11] and theoretically calculated data 12) of the relative photoionization cross sections were used for the quantification. The relative photoionization cross sections, ij = O1s , are summarized in Table 4, which shows the relative photoionization cross section of a level j electron of an element i to that of O 1s electrons.…”