XPS and STM study of the growth and structure of passive films in high temperature water on a nickel-base alloy

Machet, A.; Galtayries, Anouk; Zanna, Sandrine; Klein, Lorena H.; Maurice, Vincent; Jolivet, Patrick; Foucault, M.; Combrade, P.; Scott, Peter; Marcus, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2004.04.032

Cited by 266 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The interpretation of the Cr2p spectrum is difficult because the binding energies of Cr(VI) and oxyfluoride of Cr(III) are very close. 12,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46] A low signal intensity at a binding energy of 579.8 eV can be observed so the presence of hexavalent chromium in the craters cannot be ruled out. It is possible to calculate the maximum quantity of Cr(VI) present at different depths of the layer (in each crater), and therefore calculate the maximum quantity of Cr(VI), which could be present in the TCP layer after PACS post-treatment.…”

Section: 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Post-Treatment in Improved Corrosion Behavior of Trivalent Chromium Protection (TCP) Coating Deposited on Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3

Ely

Światowska

Seyeux

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The effects of post-treatment applied on Trivalent Chromium Protection (TCP) coatings deposited on aluminum alloy 2024-T3 was studied by electrochemical and surface analytical techniques: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The aim of the post-treatment was to improve the corrosion resistance of the TCP coating. To understand the influence of the post-treatment, using a bath containing H 2 O 2 and a lanthanum salt as an inhibitor, our approach was to study the effect of these two components separately. It was found that the improved corrosion protection provided by the post-treated TCP was related to a synergetic effect of the two components. XPS and ToF-SIMS analyses showed that (i) the thickness of the TCP coating is not modified by the post-treatment, (ii) lanthanum is present on the surface and in the bulk of the TCP and (iii) is found in very small amount only on the extreme surface. The total concentration of Cr(VI) (oxide/hydroxide) was estimated to be below 0.1 wt% in the post-treated TCP layer. It was concluded that lanthanum plays a significant role in improving the coating density and homogeneity and has a beneficial effect on the TCP coating cracking as observed by Scanning Electron Aluminum alloys are used for aerospace applications for their low weight and good mechanical properties.1-3 To improve the corrosion properties of aluminum alloys and to provide good paint adhesion, the first layer of coating applied on the aluminum alloy surface used to be a chromate conversion coating (CCC).4-6 However, hexavalent chromium used in the CCC coatings is highly toxic, 4,7 its use is very much restricted in Europe 8 and the United States 9 and will be forbidden by 2024 by the European Community with respect to the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACh).8 Therefore, new conversion coatings have been developed, and one of the most promising solutions is the Trivalent Chromium Protection coating called also as the Trivalent Chrome Process (TCP).10-14 TCP conversion coatings are formed by immersion in a solution containing Zr 4+ , Cr 3+ and F − ions, at a pH between 3.8 and 4.0. As it has already been widely discussed, the coating formation mechanism occurs by multiple chemical steps. 10,11,13,[15][16][17] The initial step involves dissolution of the aluminum oxide layer by fluorides. The removal of the oxide layer exposes the metal surface where cathodic reactions take place. Oxygen reduction reaction, and possibly hydrogen discharge, which counterbalance aluminum oxidation, consume protons and causes a pH increase at the interface between the metallic substrate and the solution, as measured by Li et al. 15 The high pH favors the precipitation of ions present in the solution, forming a hydrated layer of zirconium and chromium oxide. The thickness of the TCP layer is usually of the order of 100 nm, depending on the nature of the aluminum alloy, the concentration of the solution and the immersion time.11,12,18 ...

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Section: 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Post-Treatment in Improved Corrosion Behavior of Trivalent Chromium Protection (TCP) Coating Deposited on Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3

Ely

Światowska

Seyeux

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…All the open literature agreed that oxide layer formed in PWR primary environment has duplex structure while its chemistry and crystal structure remain controversial [87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101]. Even if it is well established that the outer layer is composed of magnetite Fe 3 O 4 , the inner layer composition is reported to be either a fcc phase enriched in chromium [76,77,[90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101], or an hexagonal phase (Cr 2 O 3 ) [87,92,93], or even a mixture of both phases [92]. What's more the early stages of oxidation process (1 min to 5 hours) without applying stress was still not investigated since the already published results describe oxides formed after long exposure times (up to 1,000 hours).…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What's more the early stages of oxidation process (1 min to 5 hours) without applying stress was still not investigated since the already published results describe oxides formed after long exposure times (up to 1,000 hours). This was performed by Machet [99] on Inconel alloys (thought to behave similarly than austenitic stainless steels). He showed that oxidation mechanisms are operative at the very beginning of exposure to the coolant.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Microscopy to Help with the Understanding of Degradation Mechanisms Observed in Materials of Pressurized Water Reactors

Legras¹,

Volgin²,

Radiguet³

et al. 2017

JMSE-B

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Abstract:Even if temperature, pressure and chemistry of the cooling water are not very high and aggressive, materials used in PWRs (Pressurized Water Reactors) are exposed to different degradation mechanisms. One of the main goals of the research programs in this field is to develop physical model of the mechanisms down to the atomic scale. Such approach needs a clear description and understanding of the degradation mechanisms at the same small scale. This paper illustrates the benefits of different microscopies and of their last improvements up to the promising possibilities of monochromated and aberrations corrected TEM/STEM. A specific focus is placed on four different degradation mechanisms observed in austenitic stainless steel: irradiation ageing, corrosion fatigue, stress corrosion cracking and corrosion.

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“…To assess layer thickness XPS method was applied. In some publications [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] XPS was used to examine the surface layer composition on nickel and its alloys in various media, and it is accepted that at low anodic potentials the Ni surface is covered with only NiO and Ni(OH) 2 . However Ni2p spectra are complicated by different multiplets, satellite peaks, plasma losses and oxidation states, some difficulties arise in their interpretation [20,21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

XPS study of 5-chloro-1,2,3-benzotriazole adsorption on nickel surface

Arkhipushkin¹,

Yesina

Andreev³

et al. 2012

Int. J. Corros. Scale Inhib.

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Surface layers formed by adsorption of 5-chloro-1,2,3-benzotriazole (5-chloroBTA) on nickel and influence of pH of borate buffer solution and electrode potential on formation multicomponent oxidized films on nickel were studied by XPS. It was found that at concentration of 10 -4 mol/l in neutral borate solutions a 0.7 nm monomolecular layer of 5-chloroBTA is formed. Using peak intensity angular dependence of XPS spectra the orientation of 5-chloroBTA close to vertical on nickel hydroxide formed on the nickel surface was shown. 5-ChloroBTA forms a chemical bond by lone pair of nitrogen and surface nickel cations.

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XPS and STM study of the growth and structure of passive films in high temperature water on a nickel-base alloy

Cited by 266 publications

References 25 publications

Role of Post-Treatment in Improved Corrosion Behavior of Trivalent Chromium Protection (TCP) Coating Deposited on Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3

Role of Post-Treatment in Improved Corrosion Behavior of Trivalent Chromium Protection (TCP) Coating Deposited on Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3

Using Microscopy to Help with the Understanding of Degradation Mechanisms Observed in Materials of Pressurized Water Reactors

XPS study of 5-chloro-1,2,3-benzotriazole adsorption on nickel surface

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