XPS and FTIR Applied to the Study of Waterborne Copper Naphthenate Wood Preservatives

Crăciun, Radu; Kamdem, Pascal D.

doi:10.1515/hfsg.1997.51.3.207

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, unlike in the present case where preheating temperature was 200 • C, they did not notice ZnO phase when the preheating temperature was below 350 • C even at annealing temperature of 900 • C. It is generally agreed that lower pre-firing temperatures should support formation of preferred oriented thin films by allowing steady decomposition and crystallization [17][18][19][20]. However no preferred orientation was noticed in the thin films using 2-methoxyethanol in this study.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 82%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nanocrystalline ZnO thin films by spin coating-pyrolysis method

Sahoo

Kim

Lee

et al. 2010

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…However addition of chelating agent DEA enables formation of stable homogeneous solution. Metal naphthenates and alkanolamine form stable metal/alkanolamine complexes and has long been studied for preservative applications [18]. Solutions with three different zinc ion concentrations i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocrystalline ZnO thin films by spin coating-pyrolysis method

Sahoo

Kim

Lee

et al. 2010

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…XPS analysis was performed on a PHI 5400 ESCA System from Physical Electronics with a base pressure of less than 10 8 Torr, equipped with a nonmonochromatized Mg anode X-ray source. Kinetic energy measurements were made using a hemispherical electrostatic analyzer with 150 mm radius working at a constant-pass energy mode.…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 XPS has been used in several applications in wood science to characterize chemical modifications on wood surfaces. Examples include the study of waterborne copper naphthenate-heated wood surfaces, 8 analysis of changes occurring during the fixation of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) on the surface of treated wood, and identification of cupric/cuprous oxide on heated wood. 9,10 Other applications of XPS include surface analysis of different wood species, 11 surface characterization of chemically modified pulp and wood, 12 evaluation of surface lignin on cellulose fibers, 13 and weathering of wood and wood-plastic composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of red oak- (Quercus rubra), black cherry- (Prunus serotina) and red pine- (Pinus resinosa) extracted wood surfaces

Nzokou

Kamdem

2005

Surf. Interface Anal.

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The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of black cherry (Prunus serotina), red oak (Quercus rubra), and red pine (Pinus resinosa) wood samples extracted with ethanol, ethanol -toluene, and water was conducted to evaluate chemical modifications occurring on the wood surface due to wood extractives, and derive possible implications for wood utilization.Results obtained indicate an increase in the O/C values following extraction treatments due to the partial removal of high carbon content extractives. The C 1s peaks indicated a decrease in the area of the C1 peak, known to originate from lignin and extractives following extraction. At the same time, a rise in the C 2 peak (mainly originating from cellulose and hemicelluloses) was observed, indicating that more cellulose was exposed on the wood surface following extraction. The O 1s peaks showed an increase in the O 1 peak originating from cellulose, therefore confirming the trend observed for C 1s peaks. These results suggest that extracted wood is more wettable because of the increased exposure of high-oxygen-content cellulose molecules, known to be more hydrophilic than lignin and high carbon content extractives.

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“…After ACQ-D treatment, the band at 1738 cm -1 was diminished, while the band at 1602 cm -1 increased, probably due to the copper complexation with the wood. This implies that one of the main fixation reactions that occurred in the wood can be represented in the following equation (Craciun and Kamdem, 1997):…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Copper Leaching in Thermally Modified Southern Yellow Pine Wood Impregnated with ACQ-D

Wang¹,

Zhu²,

Cao³

2013

BioResources

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Thermally-modified wood is not sufficiently durable for exposure to environments in which severe biological deterioration is likely. So in this study, samples of southern yellow pine sapwood were first subjected to thermal modification and then impregnated with the alkaline copper quattype D (ACQ-D) wood preservative. Three heating temperatures (180, 200, and 220 °C) and two concentrations of ACQ-D solution (0.90% and 1.35%) were used in the experiments. The copper retention, percentage of copper leaching, and concentrations of copper ions in the leachates collected during the leaching tests were evaluated using inductively coupled atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was also used to interpret the differences in leaching performance between thermally-treated and unheated wood samples. The pseudo-second-order model of copper leaching was developed with the experimental leaching data, which could determine the amounts of copper ion leaching and predict the final percentage of copper leaching during the leaching process. As a result, compared to the control group, the copper retention of the thermallymodified wood samples was lower, while the percentage of copper leaching was higher. This observation could be explained by the lower number of copper ion fixation sites in the thermally-treated wood.

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XPS and FTIR Applied to the Study of Waterborne Copper Naphthenate Wood Preservatives

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Nanocrystalline ZnO thin films by spin coating-pyrolysis method

Nanocrystalline ZnO thin films by spin coating-pyrolysis method

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of red oak- (Quercus rubra), black cherry- (Prunus serotina) and red pine- (Pinus resinosa) extracted wood surfaces

Evaluation of Copper Leaching in Thermally Modified Southern Yellow Pine Wood Impregnated with ACQ-D

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