XPAD3-S: A fast hybrid pixel readout chip for X-ray synchrotron facilities

Pangaud, P.; Basolo, S.; Boudet, Nathalie; Bérar, J. F.; Chantepie, B.; Clémens, J. C.; Delpierre, P.; Dinkespiler, B.; Medjoubi, Kadda; Hustache, S.; Menouni, M.; Morel, C.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2008.03.047

Cited by 61 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Currently both fields, silicon photodiodes and CMOS technology, are experiencing considerable improvements which are leading to an increase in detector performance. New generations have also emerged in other families of hybrid pixel detectors, such as Pilatus II [2] and XPAD3 [3], [4]. The advantages of these new photon-counting detectors were quickly appreciated in scattering experiments.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Medipix3 With Synchrotron Radiation

Gimenez

Ballabriga

Campbell

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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showed that when Medipix3 is operated in CSM mode, it generates a single count per detected event and consequently the charge sharing effect between adjacent pixels is eliminated. However in CSM mode, it was also observed that an incorrect allocation of X-rays counts in the pixels occurred due to an unexpectedly high pixel-to-pixel threshold variation. The present experiment helped to better understand the CSM operating mode and to redesign the Medipix3 to overcome this pixel-to-pixel mismatch.Index Terms-Medipix3, synchrotron radiation, X-ray detectors, X-ray imaging.

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Medipix3 With Synchrotron Radiation

Gimenez

Ballabriga

Campbell

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…Because photon counting avoids integration of dark noise, very low photon count rates can be acquired with pure Poisson statistics. This has been demonstrated for the camera XPAD3, which can acquire data within a wide range of count rates from 0 to 10 6 photons/pixel/s [3].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…YBRID pixel cameras constitute a new generation of digital X-rays detectors [1]- [3]. Instead of integrating the charge generated by the overall incident X-ray flux, hybrid pixels proceed with individual photon counting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of K-edge spectral tomography using XPAD3 composite pixels

Kronland-Martinet

Cassol

Bonissent

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)

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Hybrid pixel cameras are new devices in which photon counting replaces charge integration used in standard radiography systems. This novel approach involves several advantages, in particular the absence of dark noise integration and the ability to set an energy threshold on each pixel of the detected photons. This ability is of uppermost importance for the development of K-edge imaging approaches, which exploit spectral information on the counted photons. We investigate the capability to perform K-edge imaging by using the hybrid pixel camera XPAD3 with 500,000 pixels of (130 ! 130) µm 2 integrated in the micro-CT demonstrator PIXSCAN II. K-edge images are obtained from three sets of projections acquired from the same subject under three different energy threshold conditions around the K-shell binding energy of a contrast agent. To minimize the time dependent changes of the biological samples between the three acquisitions, we have developed a composite pixel protocol allowing simultaneous acquisitions of the projections for three different energy thresholds. This methodology reduces the acquisition duration by a factor three at the expense of a corresponding loss of spatial resolution. We nevertheless demonstrate the validity of the method on different phantoms and finally on mice.

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“…Similarly, improved imaging is expected for modern medical X-ray imagers based on photon counting instead of charge integration [1], both in terms of better contrasts between soft tissues and lower dose exposure. XPAD (X-ray Pixel chip with Adaptable Dynamics) circuits have been developed to meeting these requirements especially for fast readout, accurate energy selection, and high count rate capability [2]. To obtain large sensitive surface, we have designed a new hybrid pixel detector composed of several tens of single XPAD hybrid pixel circuits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First results of XPAD3, a new photon counting chip for X-ray CT-scanner with energy discrimination

Pangaud

Basolo

Chantepie

et al. 2007

2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

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International audienceXPAD3 is a single photon counting chip based on hybrid pixel counters, with low noise, high dynamics and high speed readout. Its features have been improved to provide an high counting rate capability, a very low threshold, an energy discrimination and a fast image readout. The chip is designed in 0.25 μm IBM technology, and contains 9600 pixels (130 μm x 130 μm) distributed into 80 columns of 120 elements each. An innovative architecture has been designed in order to prevent the digital circuits from disturbing the very sensitive analogue cells. XPAD3 was realized into two versions. The XPAD3-S version accepts positive input charges and offers an energy range from 4 keV to 40 keV with a single threshold. The XPAD3-C version accepts negative input charge and has an energy range from 6 keV to 60 keV with a windowed energy selection set by two independent thresholds. This last feature will be quite useful for experimentations where high contrast resolution is needed. The XPAD3 circuits can be bump-bonded with Si, CdTe or GaAs sensors to match detection efficiency with increasing photon energy. The aim of this development is to combine several XPAD3 circuits to build an 7.5 cm x 12 cm sensitive area for the development of a small animal micro-CT scanner, PIXSCAN and synchrotron X-ray scattering experiments. First prototypes of single chip detectors bumpbonded with a Si sensor and double chip detectors bump-bonded with a CdTe sensor have been produced and tested and preliminary results are presented

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XPAD3-S: A fast hybrid pixel readout chip for X-ray synchrotron facilities

Cited by 61 publications

References 5 publications

Characterization of Medipix3 With Synchrotron Radiation

Characterization of Medipix3 With Synchrotron Radiation

Development of K-edge spectral tomography using XPAD3 composite pixels

First results of XPAD3, a new photon counting chip for X-ray CT-scanner with energy discrimination

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