XPAD3: A new photon counting chip for X-ray CT-scanner

Pangaud, P.; Basolo, S.; Boudet, Nathalie; Bérar, J. F.; Chantepie, B.; Delpierre, P.; Dinkespiler, B.; Hustache, S.; Menouni, M.; Morel, C.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.092

Cited by 68 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Starting with high-energy physics applications in the Delphi and ATLAS experiments [1], we have also developed several chips for synchrotron applications [2,3]. The latest, called XPAD3-S, has been extensively described elsewhere [4]. The main features of this chip are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: The Read-out Chipmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 20kpixels CdTe photon-counting imager using XPAD chip

Basolo

Bérar

Boudet

et al. 2008

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Section: The Read-out Chipmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 20kpixels CdTe photon-counting imager using XPAD chip

Basolo

Bérar

Boudet

et al. 2008

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…To this, we have designed a new chip named XPAD3 [3] with pixels of 130 Â 130 mm 2 , precise threshold adjustment, and very fast frame readout (o2 ms). Moreover, the XPAD3 has been equipped with an energy selection circuit to act as a band-pass emission filter.…”

Section: Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PIXSCAN: Pixel detector CT-scanner for small animal imaging

Delpierre

Basolo

Bérar³

et al. 2007

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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A paraître dans NIMAInternational audienceThe PIXSCAN is a small animal CT-scanner based on hybrid pixel detectors. These detectors provide very large dynamic range of photons counting at very low detector noise. They also provide high counting rates with fast image readout. Detection efficiency can be optimized by selecting the sensor medium according to the working energy range. Indeed, the use of CdTe allows a detection efficiency of 100% up to 50 keV. Altogether these characteristics are expected to improve the contrast of the CT-scanner, especially for soft tissues, and to reduce both the scan duration and the absorbed dose. A proof of principle has been performed by assembling into a PIXSCAN-XPAD2 prototype the photon counting pixel detector initially built for detection of X-ray synchrotron radiations. Despite the relatively large pixel size of this detector (330×330 $\mu$m$^2$), we can present three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction of mice at good contrast and spatial resolution. A new photon counting chip (XPAD3) is designed in sub-micronique technology to achieve 130×130 $\mu$m$^2$ pixels. This improved circuit has been equipped with an energy selection circuit to act as a band-pass emission filter. Furthermore, the PIXSCAN-XPAD3 hybrid pixel detectors will be combined with the Lausanne ClearPET scanner demonstrator. CT image reconstruction in this non-conventional geometry is under study for this purpose

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“…It can be bump-bonded with Si, CdTe or GaAs sensors to optimize detection efficiency with regards to the energy spectrum of X-rays. The XPAD3 circuit was manufactured in IBM 0.25 μm technology during summer 2006 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First results of XPAD3, a new photon counting chip for X-ray CT-scanner with energy discrimination

Pangaud

Basolo

Chantepie

et al. 2007

2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

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International audienceXPAD3 is a single photon counting chip based on hybrid pixel counters, with low noise, high dynamics and high speed readout. Its features have been improved to provide an high counting rate capability, a very low threshold, an energy discrimination and a fast image readout. The chip is designed in 0.25 μm IBM technology, and contains 9600 pixels (130 μm x 130 μm) distributed into 80 columns of 120 elements each. An innovative architecture has been designed in order to prevent the digital circuits from disturbing the very sensitive analogue cells. XPAD3 was realized into two versions. The XPAD3-S version accepts positive input charges and offers an energy range from 4 keV to 40 keV with a single threshold. The XPAD3-C version accepts negative input charge and has an energy range from 6 keV to 60 keV with a windowed energy selection set by two independent thresholds. This last feature will be quite useful for experimentations where high contrast resolution is needed. The XPAD3 circuits can be bump-bonded with Si, CdTe or GaAs sensors to match detection efficiency with increasing photon energy. The aim of this development is to combine several XPAD3 circuits to build an 7.5 cm x 12 cm sensitive area for the development of a small animal micro-CT scanner, PIXSCAN and synchrotron X-ray scattering experiments. First prototypes of single chip detectors bumpbonded with a Si sensor and double chip detectors bump-bonded with a CdTe sensor have been produced and tested and preliminary results are presented

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XPAD3: A new photon counting chip for X-ray CT-scanner

Cited by 68 publications

References 4 publications

A 20kpixels CdTe photon-counting imager using XPAD chip

A 20kpixels CdTe photon-counting imager using XPAD chip

PIXSCAN: Pixel detector CT-scanner for small animal imaging

First results of XPAD3, a new photon counting chip for X-ray CT-scanner with energy discrimination

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