“…Defining an XML namespace and using a special connector component, X3DOM builds a bridge between the DOM and X3D that allows manipulation of the 3D content simply by adding, removing, or changing DOM elements. An approach similar to X3DOM is the XML3D system [175,176], another plug-in-free high-level approach which, instead of embedding an existing framework (X3D) in the browser context (like X3DOM does), tries to extend HTML, maximizing the use of existing features to embed the 3D content in the web page. XML3D uses XHTML and, for intensive online data processing [see, for instance, 104], relies on Xflow [103,105], an "extension" developed to expose system hardware and allowing data-flow programming.…”