XMCD Proof of Ferromagnetic Behavior in ZnO Nanoparticles

Abstract

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Revealing a room temperature ferromagnetism in cadmium oxide nanoparticles: an experimental and first-principles study

“…Moreover, theoretical calculations have suggested that the FM can be induced by cation vacancies in TiO 2 , ZnO, and SnO 2 [9][10][11][12], or by anion vacancies in CeO 2 [13]. Room temperature FM has also been found in metal oxides such as TiO 2 , ZnO, CeO 2 , and SnO 2 which is due to oxygen vacancies and quantum confinement effects according to the experimental results [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Emergent ferromagnetism in ZnO/Al2O3 core-shell nanowires: Towards oxide spinterfaces

“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In terms of mechanism, alternation of the electronic configuration, which is often a consequence of either intentional or unintentional structural/chemical inhomogeneity introduced in sample synthesis, has been proven as a viable approach to induce ferromagnetism. [21][22][23] In particular, Coey et al proposed that shallow donor electrons can form spin-split impurity bands and bound magnetic polarons. 24 However, the main challenge remains regarding how to harness the oxide nanostructures to produce an enhanced and reliable magnetism in order to become relevant to practical spintronic devices.…”

“…Recently, engineering the ZnO surface has played important roles in modulating the spin polarization and magnetic order in several material systems including ZnO nanostructures with organic molecule-passivation. [21][22][23]25,29 In fact, Zn K-edge X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements revealed a ferromagnetic-like contribution from the interface formed between the ZnO nanoparticle core and the organic molecules. 23 Similarly, spontaneous magnetization and hysteresis were observed in ZnO nanowires (NWs) modified with thiol-capped Ag nanoclusters 30 and in ZnO/ZnS core-shell nanoparticles.…”

“…[21][22][23]25,29 In fact, Zn K-edge X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements revealed a ferromagnetic-like contribution from the interface formed between the ZnO nanoparticle core and the organic molecules. 23 Similarly, spontaneous magnetization and hysteresis were observed in ZnO nanowires (NWs) modified with thiol-capped Ag nanoclusters 30 and in ZnO/ZnS core-shell nanoparticles. 31 Moreover, such a kind of "spinterfaces" was discovered at the interface of strained ZnO films grown on quartz substrates, 32 where the structural strain was suggested to play an important role.…”

Recent Progress of the X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Technique for Element-Specific Magnetic Analysis

“…[94][95][96] Chaboy et al studied ZnO nanoparticles capped with different molecules using XMCD spectroscopy. 95,96) Figure 10 shows the XMCD results at the Zn L 2;3 and Zn K edges.…”