XL Human Cochlea Responses to Sound Stimuli

Abstract

The first cochlear potentials were recorded from cats by Wever and Bray in 1930. 8 Since then cochlear potentials have been recorded in a number of other species. There has been difficulty in recording the potentials in man. In 1935 Fromm, Nylen, and Zotterman 3 tried to record cochlear potentials from man using headphones to evaluate their intensity. They observed a small response in two out of ten cases. Andreev, Arapova, and Gersuni 1 in 1939 reported studies of twenty subjects using a cathode ray oscilloscope to measure their potentials.Their records showed small potentials except in one instance when a 20 microvolt response to a tone of 200 cycles per second was recorded. The report stated that sound stimuli of such intensity were used that they were painful to the ears of the observers. In 1941 Perlman and Case 6 published the first picture of the human cochlear potential. This potential was obtained by placing an elec trode against the round window through a perforation in the tym panic membrane of an unanesthetized patient. The resulting response was small and just above the noise level of their amplifiers. Lempert, Wever, Lawrence, and Meitzer reported in 1947 and again in 1950 4,5 that in about one half of their cases they were able to achieve a coch lear potential of one microvolt.In 1959 observations in four individuals were reported from the

Cochlear Potentials in Clinical Audiology

“…The study of cochlear potentials in humans dates back almost to the time of discovery of the cochlear microphonic (CM) by Wcver and Bray in 1930 [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However, relatively little attention was paid to the clinical applications of these potentials until the discovery in the K A R G F R ©1997 s Kargcr AG-Bascl V VJ ' 1420-3030/97/0025-0241S12.00/0 E-Mail kargcr@kargcr.ch Fax + 41 61 306 12 34 This article is also accessible online at: httn://\v\vw.karecr.ch htto://BioMcd\'et.com/kareer early 1970s and subsequent exploitation of the auditory brainstem response (ABR).…”

Pediatric audiology: A review of assessment methods for infants

“…Specifically, a needle electrode is surgically introduced into the middle ear (through the eardrum) and placed on the bony prominence near the round window of the cochlea. Sound will evoke a compound nerve action potential (CAP), from the auditory nerve that can be recorded by the electrode, amplified and processed by an averaging computer (Ruben et al, 1960). Clicks and brief (<10 ms) tonal stimuli (tonebursts) can be used to evoke the response, and the lowest level at which the CAP is evident corresponds with hearing threshold (Eggermont et al, 1976).…”

Investigation of Diplexing Transducers for Voice Communications

“…In addition, the cochlear microphonic is difficult to pick up and is very low in amplitude (ref. 76,86,112,113,172,173,174). He found that ten out of eleven subjects had definite reactions from this electrical stimulation.…”