XK endo B is preferentially expressed in several induced embryonic tissues during the development of Xenopus laevis

LaFlamme, Susan E.; Dawid, Igor B.

doi:10.1111/j.1432-0436.1990.tb00424.x

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Expression of NvK18 coincides with that of NvK8 in all the adjacent sections analyzed (not shown). The pattern of keratin expression in the developing newt head is consistent with that reported in Xenopous (LaFlamme and Dawid, 1990). At stage 28, NvK8 is detected in most head structures, including the neural tube, but not in the outer ectoderm, which will differentiate into epidermis.…”

Section: Is Nvk8 Expressed In Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells During Jawsupporting

confidence: 88%

Expression of regeneration-associated cytoskeletal proteins reveals differences and similarities between regenerating organs

Ferretti

Ghosh

1997

Dev. Dyn.

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The unique events which allow regeneration of an entire organ to occur are formation of a specialized wound epidermis and accumulation of progenitor cells (blastemal cells) at the amputated surface to form a blastema. In order to identify some of the molecular events underlying the early stages of the regenerative process which are either common to different systems or specific to one of them, we have investigated whether molecules which are induced in limb blastemas are also expressed in skin repair and during regeneration of other complex body structures (lower jaws, upper jaws, and tails). In addition, we have addressed the issue of the identity of progenitor cells during jaw development and regeneration by analyzing the expression of limb blastemal markers in the developing head and face. We have focused on cytoskeletal components, and particularly on the epidermal keratin NvKII, the simple epithelial keratins 8 and 18 and 22/18, because they are among the few molecules which have been shown to be associated with regeneration in the limb and may play significant roles in various developmental processes. Some important findings emerge from this study: 1) Expression of the epidermal keratin NvKII, unlike that of its mammalian homologue K6, is not simply induced in response to wounding, but is associated with regeneration of specific organs. In fact, NvKII is expressed in regenerating limbs and tails, but not in upper or in lower jaw regenerates, demonstrating the existence of molecular differences in the composition of the wound epidermis in these systems. This, together with the fact that NvKII mRNA is regulated by retinoic acid, which differentially affects patterning of limbs and jaws, argues for distinct inductive abilities of the wound epidermis in different organs. 2) In contrast to the differential expression of the epidermal keratin NvKII, the regeneration‐associated cytoskeletal molecules identified in limb blastemal cells are expressed in a similar fashion in jaw and tail blastemas. Therefore, it appears that similar cellular events lead to the establishment of an actively proliferating population of progenitor cells from the stump of different organs. Finally, the mesenchyme of the facial rudiments, unlike that of developing limb buds, expresses simple epithelial keratins. Thus, it appears that mesenchymal progenitor cells of developing and regenerating jaws are alike in regard to their intermediate filament content, and this may be related to nerve‐dependent growth control of progenitor cells in different developing and regenerating systems. Dev. Dyn. 1997;210:288–304. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Is Nvk8 Expressed In Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells During Jawsupporting

confidence: 88%

Expression of regeneration-associated cytoskeletal proteins reveals differences and similarities between regenerating organs

Ferretti

Ghosh

1997

Dev. Dyn.

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“…The fusion protein was prepared according to the protocol provided by Pharmacia. Soluble proteins were prepared from dissected Xenopus tissues as described (22). The proteins were resolved under reducing conditions on an SDS/10% polyacrylamide gel, electroblotted to Immobilon-P (Millipore), and immunostained with an affinity-purified antibody raised against the peptide sequence SSSRSGRRQLHI from the uncoiled tail region of the carboxyl terminus of chicken nonmuscle MHC-B (13).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Nucleic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of the cDNA encoding a myosin heavy chain B isoform of Xenopus nonmuscle myosin with an insert in the head region.

Bhatia‐Dey¹,

Adelstein²,

Dawid³

1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The complete amino acid sequence of Xenopus laevis nonmuscle myosin heavy chain B (MHC-B) has been deduced from overlapping cDNA clones isolated from an XTC cell library. RNA blots of various developmental stages, adult tissues, and XTC cells detect a single transcript of 7.5 kb which is expressed at similar levels throughout development. MHC-B mRNA was detected in XTC cells, heart, lung, spleen, and brain, at lower levels in ovary, testis, pancreas, stomach, liver, and eye, but not in kidney and skeletal muscle. Protein expression in adult tissues, as detected by immunoblot analysis, correlates well with mRNA expression. In chickens and humans, a fraction of the mRNA encoding the MHC-B isoform was found previously to contain a 10-amino acid insert at amino acid 211 near the ATP-binding site. As reported elsewhere, in the chicken this insert-bearing isoform is nervous systemspecific. The Xenopus sequence shows a 16-amino acid insertion at the same position; 7 of 16 residues are identical to those in the chicken and human insertion, and these identical residues include a consensus target sequence for cyclin-p34(dc2 kinase. In contrast to chicken, all frog tissues and embryonic stages tested contained the insert-bearing form, and no evidence for a non-insert-bearing MHC-B isoform was found in Xenopus.

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“…Manual inspection of SEs for each germ layer shows markings near genes that encode for regulators and markers representative of each tissue. Ectodermal SEs are located near genes that encode ectodermal TFs such as sox3 (20), and epidermally-expressed cement gland cytokeratin krt18 (21). In the mesoderm, SEs mark genes encoding T-box TFs tbxt (22), eomes (23) and the zygotically-expressed vegt (24)(25)(26)(27); as well as negative feedback regulators of Fgf signaling spry1 and spry2, which regulate the morphogenetic movements of mesodermal cells (28).…”

Section: Establishment Of Distinct Chromatin State During Gastrula Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and zygotic factors sequentially shape the tissue regionalization of chromatin landscapes in early vertebrate embryos

Kd¹,

Blitz²,

Cho³

2021

Preprint

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One of the first steps in cellular differentiation of vertebrate embryos is the formation of the three germ layers. Maternal pioneer transcription factors (TFs) bind to the regulatory regions of the embryonic genome prior to zygotic genome activation and initiate germ layer specification. While the involvement of maternal TFs in establishing epigenetic marks in whole embryos was addressed previously, how early pluripotent cells acquire spatially restricted epigenetic identity in embryos remain unknown. Here, we report that the H3K4me1 enhancer mark in each germ layer becomes distinct in germ layer specific regulatory regions, forming super-enhancers (SEs), by early gastrula stage. Distinct SEs are established in these germ layers near robustly regulated germ layer identity genes, suggesting that SEs are important for the canalization of development. Establishment of these enhancers requires a sequential function of maternal and zygotic TFs. By knocking down the expression of a critical set of maternal endodermal TFs, an overwhelming majority of the endodermal H3K4me1 marks are lost. Interestingly, this disappearance of endodermal marking coincides with the appearance of ectodermal and mesodermal H3K4me1 marks in the endoderm, suggesting a transformation in the chromatin state of these nuclei towards a more ecto-mesodermal state. De novo motif analysis to identify TFs responsible for the transformation recovers a profile for endodermal maternal TFs as well as their downstream target TFs. We demonstrate the importance of coordinated activities of maternal and zygotic TFs in defining a spatially resolved dynamic process of chromatin state establishment.

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XK endo B is preferentially expressed in several induced embryonic tissues during the development of Xenopus laevis

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Expression of regeneration-associated cytoskeletal proteins reveals differences and similarities between regenerating organs

Expression of regeneration-associated cytoskeletal proteins reveals differences and similarities between regenerating organs

Cloning of the cDNA encoding a myosin heavy chain B isoform of Xenopus nonmuscle myosin with an insert in the head region.

Maternal and zygotic factors sequentially shape the tissue regionalization of chromatin landscapes in early vertebrate embryos

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