Xiphinema iranicum n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from north-western Iran

Abstract

Xiphinema iranicum n. sp. is described from soil samples collected about the rhizosphere of Rosa sp. growing in a natural mountainous region close to Maragheh city, north-western Iran. The new species belongs to group 6 of the polytomous key to species identification and is unique by having a medium body length (3.8-4.3 mm), odontostyle length of 141-162 μm, odontophore length of 90-98 μm, mid-body diam. of 69-88 μm, presence of spines in the uterus and a hemispherical to conoid tail with a rounded terminus or minute bulge. It resembles X. ingens, X. aceri, X. aequum, X. smoliki, X. illyricum, X. macedonicum and X. vuittenezi but differs from X. aceri and X. aequum by having different tail shape, longer odontophore, lower ratio a, higher ratio c and lower ratio c . Compared to X. ingens and X. smoliki, it differs by having lower ratio a, lower ratio b, spines in uterus vs crystalline bodies plus pseudo Z-organ in X. ingens and spines plus pseudo Z-organ in X. smoliki and also by the presence of rare males, and, finally, it can be distinguished from X. vuittenezi by body and odontostyle length, characters of juveniles and molecular differences. The new species has similar polytomous identification codes to X. illyricum and X. macedonicum but can be differentiated from both by longer body, higher ratio c, higher V, longer odontostyle and odontophore and larger body diam. at mid-body and anus level. Ribosomal gene 18S rDNA and ITS1 of X. iranicum n. sp., X. aceri, X. montenegrinum and X. macedonicum, all obtained from north-western Iran in the same survey, were sequenced to investigate the phylogenetic relationships with other sequenced Xiphinema species.

Prevalence, polyphasic identification, and molecular phylogeny of dagger and needle nematodes infesting vineyards in southern Spain

“…The comparison between these two markers showed similar trees and congruent positions between the species. X. americanum group comprised a lineage well differentiated from the other species, as previously demonstrated in other studies (Lazarova et al 2006;Ye et al 2004;Neilson et al 2004;Pedram et al 2009). Similar results were obtained with the grouping of X. americanum group and Xiphidorus species, which was not strongly supported.…”

“…For partial 18S, the maximum similarities were related to X. index, in which only 1 nucleotide difference was found with our X. index population sequence (HM921342) and from 1 to 5 nucleotide for sequences AY687997 and EF207249, respectively. X. hispidum ITS1 sequence showed homology with X. hispanum Lamberti, Castillo, Gómez-Barcina & Agostinelli, 1992 (GU725061, 84% similarity), X. turcicum (GU725064, 83% similarity), X. vuittenezi Luc, Lima, Weischer & Flegg, 1964 (AJ437028, 81% similarity), X. iranicum Pedram, Niknam, Robbins, Ye & Karegar, 2009(EU477386, 80% similarity), X. aceri Chizhov, Tiev & Turkina, 1986 (EU471385, 79% similarity) and X. italiae (AJ437029, 78% similarity).…”

Molecular analysis and comparative morphology to resolve a complex of cryptic Xiphinema species

“…from GenBank were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. Outgroup taxa for each dataset were chosen according to previous published data (Pedram et al. 2009).…”

“…(2005) in their study of more than 50 populations of X. pyrenaicum and one population of X. aceri from central and northern Spain, confirming that both species are regarded as typical of Mediterranean environments. Recently, Pedram et al. (2009) described Xiphinema iranicum Pedram, Nikham, Robbins, Ye & Karegar, 2009 with uterus devoid of Z‐differentiation but showing sclerotized spines and being morphologically close to X. aceri , but clearly distinguishable by their rDNA genes (Pedram et al.…”

“…Recently, Pedram et al. (2009) described Xiphinema iranicum Pedram, Nikham, Robbins, Ye & Karegar, 2009 with uterus devoid of Z‐differentiation but showing sclerotized spines and being morphologically close to X. aceri , but clearly distinguishable by their rDNA genes (Pedram et al. 2009).…”