XII.—On <i>Tetrastichia bupatides</i>: A Carboniferous Pteridosperm from East Lothian

Gordon, W. T.

doi:10.1017/s0080456800009121

Cited by 46 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…This feature also occurs in Tetrastichia [62], Triradioxylon [64] and the earliest Carboniferous (Tournaisian) Stenomyelon bifasciculare with parenchymatized protosteles [54]. Secondary xylem of Elkinsia [10] may be pycnoxylic in that the tracheids are small (15–88 μm in diameter) and rays are 1–2 cells wide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Late Devonian genus with seed plant affinities

Wang

Liu

2015

BMC Evol Biol

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BackgroundMany ovules of Late Devonian (Famennian) seed plants have been well studied. However, because few taxa occur with anatomically preserved stems and/or petioles, the vascular system of these earliest spermatophytes is little understood and available data come mostly from Euramerica. There remains great controversy over the anatomical differentiation of Late Devonian and Carboniferous seed plant groups of Buteoxylonales, Calamopityales and Lyginopteridales. Protostele evolution of these early spermatophytes needs more research.ResultsA new taxon Yiduxylon trilobum gen. et sp. nov. with seed plant affinities has been discovered in the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Tizikou Formation of Hubei Province, China. It is represented by stems, helically arranged and bifurcate fronds with two orders of pinnae and planate pinnules. Both secondary pinnae and pinnules are borne alternately. Stems contain a small protostele with three primary xylem ribs possessing a single peripheral protoxylem strand. Thick secondary xylem displays multiseriate bordered pitting on the tangential and radial walls of the tracheids, and has biseriate to multiseriate and high rays. A narrow cortex consists of inner cortex without sclerotic nests and sparganum-type outer cortex with peripheral bands of vertically aligned sclerenchyma cells. Two leaf traces successively arise tangentially from each primary xylem rib and they divide once to produce four circular-oval traces in the stem cortex. Four vascular bundles occur in two C-shaped groups at each petiole base with ground tissue and peripheral bands of sclerenchyma cells.ConclusionsYiduxylon justifies the assignment to a new genus mainly because of the protostele with protoxylem strands only near the periphery of primary xylem ribs, leaf trace origination and petiolar vascular supply structure. It shares many definitive characters with Calamopityales and Lyginopteridales, further underscoring the anatomical similarities among early seed plants. The primary vascular system, pycnoxylic-manoxylic secondary xylem with bordered pits on both tangential and radial walls of a tracheid and leaf trace divergence of Yiduxylon suggest transitional features between the early spermatophytes and ancestral aneurophyte progymnosperms.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0292-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Late Devonian genus with seed plant affinities

Wang

Liu

2015

BMC Evol Biol

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“…Absalom (1931), 2Barnard (1962),3 Bateman & Rothwell (1990),4 Calder (1938),5 Galtier & Scott (1989),6 Gordon (1935), 7Gordon (1938),8 Kidston & Gywnne-Vaughan (1912),9 Lacey (1953),10 Long (1961),11 Long (1964),12 Long (1979),13 Long (1987),14 Scott and Galtier (1988), 15Scott (1902),16 Scott (1923),17 Scott (1924),18 Smith (1962).…”

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The Early Carboniferous (Courceyan–Arundian) monsoonal climate of the British Isles: evidence from growth rings in fossil woods

Falcon-Lang

1999

Geol. Mag.

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The British Isles lay at a palaeolatitude of 4°S during the Early Carboniferous (Courceyan-Arundian) period. This paper examines fossil gymnosperm wood from ten localities in western Ireland and southern Scotland in order to analyse palaeoclimate. Fifty-two percent of the 77 fossil wood specimens studied exhibit growth rings that possess subtle, discontinuous ring boundaries and ring increments of narrow but variable width. These growth rings are qualitatively and quantitatively analysed, and are shown to bear a close similarity to growth rings in modern araucarian conifer woods; these araucarian growth rings are formed in response to tropical rainfall seasonality linked to monsoonal circulation. The findings of this study therefore support earlier palaeoclimatic interpretations, based on sedimentological evidence, which suggest that the British Isles experienced a monsoonal climate during the Early Carboniferous (Courceyan-Arundian) period.

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“…A Lower Carboniferous pteridosperm, Tetrastichia bupatides (Gordon, 1938). Aneurophyton, Sphenoxylon and Palaeopitys, all from the Devonian, are characterized by tracheids exhibiting bordered pits on both radial and tan.…”

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Tetraxylopteris Schmidtii Gen. Et sp. Nov., A Probable Pteridosperm Precursor from the Devonian of New York

Beck

1957

American Journal of Botany

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XII.—On Tetrastichia bupatides: A Carboniferous Pteridosperm from East Lothian

Cited by 46 publications

References 8 publications

A new Late Devonian genus with seed plant affinities

A new Late Devonian genus with seed plant affinities

The Early Carboniferous (Courceyan–Arundian) monsoonal climate of the British Isles: evidence from growth rings in fossil woods

Tetraxylopteris Schmidtii Gen. Et sp. Nov., A Probable Pteridosperm Precursor from the Devonian of New York

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