Xenotropic Type C Viruses

Levy, Jay A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66853-1_4

Cited by 85 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 359 publications

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“…Our results suggest that both X-tropic MuLV and MSV may affect the development of embryos since the number of inoculated eggs hatched was substantially lower than those receiving control medium (26 and 28 % versus 71%). We have suggested that X-tropic MuLV may function during normal maturation processes (Levy, 1978), but a direct effect of the virus on embryogenesis in the duck cannot be assessed by these experiments.…”

Section: Effect Of Mouse Xenotropic Viruses On Pekin Ducks*mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Kirsten leukaemia virus (K-MuLV) cDNA was prepared by transcribing K-MuLV RNA using the methods described for K-MSV cDNA. This probe recognizes MuLV sequences present in the X-tropic virus genome (Levy, 1978).…”

Section: Mouse Xenotropic Virus Infection Of Ducksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These levels of hybridization are low, but since all cells from the tissue were examined, dilution of proviral DNA by DNA from non-infected cells will have occurred. In addition, the K-MuLV cDNA probe would only be expected to hybridize to a maximum of 40 % with X-MuLV sequences (Levy, 1978). Thus, the lack of more positive results could be misleading.…”

Section: Presence Of Mul V Genome In Duck Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is produced in high titre by NZB mouse cells, but six to nine copies of this virus are found integrated into the genes of all strains of laboratory mice and in the wild mice species of Mus musculus (Levy, 1978). Its spontaneous production by mouse cells appears regulated by intracellular mechanisms; its expression varies among different mouse strains and even among animals within the same strain (Levy, 1978). We have shown that the host range of X-tropic virus in tissue culture is very wide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have shown that the host range of X-tropic virus in tissue culture is very wide. It productively infects cells from many mammalian species and crosses taxonomic classes and infects avian cells efficientJy (Levy, 1975(Levy, , 1978. Attempts to find a role for the X-tropic viruses have been limited since the virus does not re-infect mouse cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Murine Xenotropic Type C Viruses. IV. Replication and Pathogenesis in Ducks

Levy¹,

Oleszko²,

Dimpfl³

et al. 1982

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYThe xenotropic (X-tropic) mouse type C virus (MuLV) and its pseudotype of murine sarcoma virus (MSV) were inoculated into several fertilized developing Pekin duck eggs. The development of the duck embryos was substantially reduced in those receiving the X-tropic viruses compared to eggs inoculated only with tissue culture medium. Infectious virus was isolated from some of the adult animals; in others, evidence for integrated virus sequences in the tissues was noted. No specific pathology was found in the ducks that received X-tropic MuLV alone, but one duck developed multiple fibrosarcomas when inoculated at birth with the X-tropic virus pseudotype of MSV. Two ducks receiving X-tropic MuLV had signs of haematopoietic disorders. In addition, more virus-inoculated animals had evidence of hepatitis and encephalitis than control ducks. Antibody production to X-tropic MuLV was present in several ducks inoculated with virus either in embryo or at birth. Absence of antiviral antibodies was noted in those animals whose tissues contained replicating virus. These studies confirm the observations with X-tropic virus in tissue culture. They demonstrate in vivo that avian species are susceptible to infection by the mouse X-tropic virus and that their fibroblasts can be transformed by the X-tropic MuLV pseudotype of MSV.

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Section: Effect Of Mouse Xenotropic Viruses On Pekin Ducks*mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Mouse Xenotropic Virus Infection Of Ducksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Presence Of Mul V Genome In Duck Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Murine Xenotropic Type C Viruses. IV. Replication and Pathogenesis in Ducks

Levy¹,

Oleszko²,

Dimpfl³

et al. 1982

Journal of General Virology

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Condoms Prevent Transmission of AIDS-Associated Retrovirus

Conant¹,

Spicer²,

Lévy³

1986

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association

149

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fully infected when inoculated with HTLV-III intravaginally (D. Francis, MD, oral communication, November 1985).We concur that rigorous epidemiol¬ ogy will be required in the future to define the importance of a single sexual contact with an infected part¬ ner and the relative efficiency of transmission of different sexual ac¬ tivities. In the meanwhile, it is criti¬ cal that we do not undermine our ability to control this deadly epidemic by underestimating this virus. Hu¬ man T-cell lymphotropic virus type III is a bidirectional sexually trans¬ mitted disease.

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Azathioprine‐induced lymphocytic neoplasms of NZB mice lack ecotropic murine leukaemia virus

Harvey

East

Katz

1979

Intl Journal of Cancer

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NZB mice injected intramuscularly throughout a 6-month period with the immunosuppressant azathioprine (Imuran) developed lymphocytic lymphomas 6--7 months after treatment was initiated. These malignancies were quite distinct from the reticulum-cell neoplasia which occurs spontaneously in the strain, and were readily transplantable to NZB or histocompatible BALB/c recipients. Xenotropic, but not ecotropic murine leukaemia virus (MuLV) was detected in leukaemic tissues of some donor and recipient NZBs when tested in vitro by co-cultivation with permissive cell lines, genome rescue, XC and viral polymerase assays. Virus filtrates prepared from donor leukaemic tissues were non-pathogenic when injected into newborn C3H mice. These results are evidence against a mandatory ecotropic MuLV genome in lymphocytic neoplasia.

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Xenotropic Type C Viruses

Cited by 85 publications

References 359 publications

Murine Xenotropic Type C Viruses. IV. Replication and Pathogenesis in Ducks

Murine Xenotropic Type C Viruses. IV. Replication and Pathogenesis in Ducks

Condoms Prevent Transmission of AIDS-Associated Retrovirus

Azathioprine‐induced lymphocytic neoplasms of NZB mice lack ecotropic murine leukaemia virus

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