Xenothrix and ceboid phylogeny

Rosenberger, Alfred L.

doi:10.1016/s0047-2484(77)80058-4

Cited by 127 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Only S. ameghinorum matches them. The crosssectional morphology of platyrrhine crowns suggests that our metric documenting this pattern reflects a complex effect, involving both a narrowing of intercuspal distances and augmentation of the mesial and distal crown breadths, one of the distinctive features of X. mcgregori (34).…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Genus and Speciesmentioning

confidence: 86%

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An extinct monkey from Haiti and the origins of the Greater Antillean primates

Cooke

Rosenberger

Turvey

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A new extinct Late Quaternary platyrrhine from Haiti, Insulacebus toussaintiana , is described here from the most complete Caribbean subfossil primate dentition yet recorded, demonstrating the likely coexistence of two primate species on Hispaniola. Like other Caribbean platyrrhines, I . toussaintiana exhibits primitive features resembling early Middle Miocene Patagonian fossils, reflecting an early derivation before the Amazonian community of modern New World anthropoids was configured. This, in combination with the young age of the fossils, provides a unique opportunity to examine a different parallel radiation of platyrrhines that survived into modern times, but is only distantly related to extant mainland forms. Their ecological novelty is indicated by their unique dental proportions, and by their relatively large estimated body weights, possibly an island effect, which places the group in a size class not exploited by mainland South American monkeys. Several features tie the new species to the extinct Jamaican monkey Xenothrix mcgregori , perhaps providing additional evidence for an inter-Antillean clade.

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Section: Diagnosis Of Genus and Speciesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In general, the Patagonian primates were primitive, with the molar teeth resembling morphotype reconstructions for Platyrrhini (34,45). Regardless of their hypothesized phylogenetic affinities, these primates had maxillary molars with a distinct trigon and well delineated cingulum bearing a hypocone.…”

Section: Origins Differentiation and Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

An extinct monkey from Haiti and the origins of the Greater Antillean primates

Cooke

Rosenberger

Turvey

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…[15]) proposed that all these primates radiated from a sole ancestral species linked cladistically with the mainland pitheciine atelid Callicebus. Rosenberger [24] argued instead that at least two clades were present, one embodied by Paralouatta, related to howler monkeys, and another by Xenothrix, possibly related to Aotus-or to Callicebus, according to his earlier view [23]. While the specifics of these two phylogenetic hypotheses may be debated, evidence of a cebid element in the fauna is fundamentally inconsistent with the essentials of the monophylum notion as proposed by MacPhee & Horovitz [15], including its implied single colonizing event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First skull ofAntillothrix bernensis, an extinct relict monkey from the Dominican Republic

et al. 2010

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The nearly pristine remains of Antillothrix bernensis, a capuchin-sized (Cebus) extinct platyrrhine from the Dominican Republic, have been found submerged in an underwater cave. This represents the first specimen of an extinct Caribbean primate with diagnostic craniodental and skeletal parts in association, only the second example of a skull from the region, and one of the most complete specimens of a fossil platyrrhine cranium yet discovered. Cranially, it closely resembles living cebines but is more conservative. Dentally, it is less bunodont and more primitive than Cebus, with crowns resembling Saimiri (squirrel monkeys) and one of the oldest definitive cebines, the late Early Miocene Killikaike blakei from Argentina. The tricuspid second molar also resembles the enigmatic marmosets and tamarins, whose origins continue to present a major gap in knowledge of primate evolution. While the femur is oddly short and stout, the ulna, though more robust, compares well with Cebus. As a member of the cebid clade, Antillothrix demonstrates that insular Caribbean monkeys are not monophyletically related and may not be the product of a single colonizing event. Antillothrix bernensis is an intriguing mosaic whose primitive characters are consistent with an early origin, possibly antedating the assembly of the modern primate fauna in greater Amazonia during the La Venta horizon. While most Greater Antillean primate specimens are quite young geologically, this vanished radiation, known from Cuba (Paralouatta) and Jamaica (Xenothrix) as well as Hispaniola, appears to be composed of long-lived lineages like several other mainland clades.

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“…Xenothrix macgregori (Williams y Koopman, 1952;Rosenberger, 1977; Mac Phee y Fleagle, 1991), de depósitos del Pleistoceno tardío de Jamaica, posee molares amplios con cúspides bajas y prominentes y carece del tercer molar inferior, por lo cual se había inferido una relación con los Callitrichinae; no obstante esto, las semejanzas más consistentes son compartidas con Callicehus y Cehus (Rosenberger, 1977). En base a un análisis cladístico preliminar sobre nuevos fragmentos craneales recientemente comunicados (Horovitz et al, 1997), se indica que Xenothrix sería el taxón hermano de Paralouatta y Antillothrix, siendo Callicebus el más cercano entre los platirrinos vivientes.…”

Section: Los Registros Fósiles Sudamericanosunclassified

Untitled

Tejedor¹

1998

Estud. geol.

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Las recientes evidencias sobre el origen del suborden Anthropoidea proceden principalmente del Viejo Mundo, en especial de Africa y Asia, y podría afirmarse que dicho suborden constituye un grupo monofilético que incluye a catarrinos y platirrinos. Existen ciertas relaciones entre algunos primitivos Anthropoidea del Oligoceno egipcio del Fayum y los platirrinos, simplesiomorfías retenidas desde un origen común de ambos grupos, y demuestran que los platirrinos son más conservadores de caracteres primitivos respecto de los catarrinos. En consecuencia, es razonable considerar un origen africano para el Infraorden Platyrrhini, aunque sus ancestros más cercanos sean aún desconocidos.Desde su arribo a Sudamérica, estos primates se diversificaron de modo que sólo parte de los grupos vivientes pueden reconocer sus orígenes en el registro fósil, especialmente aquellos especímenes de La Venta, Colombia, y sólo unos pocos de Patagonia. Las localidades fosilíferas se distribuyen en varias regiones de Sudamérica e islas del Caribe, destacándose las de Patagonia y La Venta; muchas de las especies registradas demuestran la existencia de una extraordinaria radiación adaptativa, con ciertas tendencias no evidenciadas en los platirrinos actuales. Por lo tanto, la sistemática del infraorden es aún compleja, existiendo dificultades en la asignación de categorías taxonómicas superiores a ciertos géneros vivientes.Palabras clave: Primates, Platyrrhini, origen, evolución, sistemática. ABSTRACTThe are new light about the platyrrhine origin provided by the fossil record of the Old World, which demonstrates that catarrhines and platyrrhines are certainly a monophyletic group. Although the exact provenance of the Platyrrhini is uncertain at this time, sorne characters of the latter are shared with primitive anthropoid primates from the Fayum Depression, in the Egyptian late Eocene-early Oligocene, and then we can accept an African origin for platyrrhines. Symplesiomorphies exhibited by these two groups imply that the New World monkeys could be recognized morphologically more conservative.The evolutionary history of the Infraorder Platyrrhini has been a source of discussion, especially in recent years when the fossil record has increased dramatically. These advances contributed to a better understanding of their diversity and, on the other hand, the fossil diversity demonstrates that the living platyrrhines are a result of several evolutionary trends since the late Oligocene of South America. Fossil evidences come from several localities of South America and the Caribbean islands. The Patagonian fossil record includes specimens that show many particular characters not found among other fossil or living platyrrhines. Sorne living groups demonstrate close affinities with fossil relatives, such as those from La Venta, Colombia, and with a few specimens of Patagonia, while others are considered as part of a broad range of adaptive diversity whose extinct relatives are still unknown.

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Xenothrix and ceboid phylogeny

Cited by 127 publications

References 24 publications

An extinct monkey from Haiti and the origins of the Greater Antillean primates

An extinct monkey from Haiti and the origins of the Greater Antillean primates

First skull ofAntillothrix bernensis, an extinct relict monkey from the Dominican Republic

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