Xenorhabdus lircayensis sp. nov., the symbiotic bacterium associated with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema unicornum

Castañeda-Alvarez, Carlos; Prodan, Simona; Zamorano, Alan; San‐Blas, Ernesto; Aballay, Erwin

doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005151

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Until recently, we had not found any report of isolation X. szentirmaii from an EPN other than S. rarum . Last year, however, Castaneda-Alvarez and associates [ 138 ], discovered one single, motile, Gram-negative, and non-spore-forming, rod-shaped symbiotic bacterium, strain VLST, isolated from the EPN S. unicornum in Chile. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the closest related species to the VLST isolate is X. szentirmaii .…”

Section: A Discussion: Discoveries and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii (EMC) and X. budapestensis (EMA), Are Exceptional Sources of Non-Ribosomal Templated, Large-Target-Spectral, Thermotolerant-Antimicrobial Peptides (by Both), and Iodinin (by EMC)

Fodor

Gualtieri²,

Zeller

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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Antimicrobial multidrug resistance (MDR) is a global challenge, not only for public health, but also for sustainable agriculture. Antibiotics used in humans should be ruled out for use in veterinary or agricultural settings. Applying antimicrobial peptide (AMP) molecules, produced by soil-born organisms for protecting (soil-born) plants, seems a preferable alternative. The natural role of peptide-antimicrobials, produced by the prokaryotic partner of entomopathogenic-nematode/bacterium (EPN/EPB) symbiotic associations, is to sustain monoxenic conditions for the EPB in the gut of the semi-anabiotic infective dauer juvenile (IJ) EPN. They keep pathobiome conditions balanced for the EPN/EPB complex in polyxenic (soil, vanquished insect cadaver) niches. Xenorhabdus szentirmaii DSM16338(T) (EMC), and X. budapestensis DSM16342(T) (EMA), are the respective natural symbionts of EPN species Steinernema rarum and S. bicornutum. We identified and characterized both of these 15 years ago. The functional annotation of the draft genome of EMC revealed 71 genes encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthases, and polyketide synthases. The large spatial Xenorhabdus AMP (fabclavine), was discovered in EMA, and its biosynthetic pathway in EMC. The AMPs produced by EMA and EMC are promising candidates for controlling MDR prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens (bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, protozoa). EMC releases large quantity of iodinin (1,6-dihydroxyphenazine 5,10-dioxide) in a water-soluble form into the media, where it condenses to form spectacular water-insoluble, macroscopic crystals. This review evaluates the scientific impact of international research on EMA and EMC.

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Section: A Discussion: Discoveries and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, deeper analyses, using the whole genome for phylogenetic reconstruction, indicates that VLST exhibits a unique clade in the genus, suggesting a new species, X. lircayensis sp. nov. (type strain VLST = CCCT 20.04T = DSM 111583T) [ 138 ].…”

Section: A Discussion: Discoveries and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii (EMC) and X. budapestensis (EMA), Are Exceptional Sources of Non-Ribosomal Templated, Large-Target-Spectral, Thermotolerant-Antimicrobial Peptides (by Both), and Iodinin (by EMC)

Fodor

Gualtieri²,

Zeller

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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“…(Machado et al, 2021) and Xenorhabdus spp. (Castaneda-Alvarez et al, 2021), while detecting more of the beneficial species/strains of both genera (Abd-Elgawad, 2021, 2022. The high pathogenicity of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus species to a broad range of arthropods, effectiveness against certain pests and diseases, and versatility bode well for opening new horizons for their advantageous products (Bock et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2022).…”

Section: E) Mode Of Action and Methods Of Application To Control Vari...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Integrated Pest Management and New Vistas

Gawad

Ruan

Hammam

2023

Egyptian Journal of Agronematology

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Despite the current use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) commercially, there are still new prospects for expanding their applications to occupy a prominent market position. Scientists, extension specialists and stakeholders need to identify and widely disseminate conditions under which EPN application can offer a cost-effective, value-added approach to integrated pest management. Moreover, EPN use should not be limited to plant pests. There are other pests that EPNs can effectively and safely control such as those that significantly affect health and production of farm animals and honey bees. Examples of such pests against which nematodes can be reliably applied and general precautions to be taken to optimize EPN operation are given. The wide host range of EPN and their mutualistic bacteria against arthropods and pathogens are promising for advantageous industrial products for boosting pest/disease management. Therefore, a full useful spectrum of the EPN-bacterium complex or the symbiotic bacterium individually should be harnessed for useful usage in current and emerging agricultural systems. Fitting symbiont-obtained insecticidal, acaricidal, nematicidal, pharmaceutical, fungicidal, antimicrobial, and toxic compounds into current or emerging strategies, for controlling many pests/pathogens should be earnestly sought.

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“…Since then, several species have been described [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Currently, the genus Xenorhabdus contains 27 species with validly published names [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xenorhabdus bovienii subsp. africana subsp. nov., isolated from Steinernema africanum entomopathogenic nematodes

Machado

Bhat

Fallet

et al. 2023

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Four Gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from Steinernema africanum entomopathogenic nematodes were biochemically and molecularly characterized to determine their taxonomic position. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that they belong to the class Gammaproteobacteria , family Morganellaceae , genus Xenorhabdus , and that they are conspecific. The average 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the newly isolated strains and the type strain of its more closely related species, Xenorhabdus bovienii T228T, is 99.4 %. We therefore selected only one of them, XENO-1T, for further molecular characterization using whole genome-based phylogenetic reconstructions and sequence comparisons. Phylogenetic reconstructions show that XENO-1T is closely related to the type strain of X. bovienii , T228T, and to several other strains that are thought to belong to this species. To clarify their taxonomic identities, we calculated average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values. We observed that the ANI and dDDH values between XENO-1T and X. bovienii T228T are 96.3 and 71.2 %, respectively, suggesting that XENO-1T represents a novel subspecies within the X. bovienii species. Noteworthy, the dDDH values between XENO-1T and several other X. bovienii strains are between 68.7 and 70.9 % and ANI values are between 95.8 and 96.4 %, which could be interpreted, in some instances, as that XENO-1T represents a new species. Considering that for taxonomic description the genomic sequences of the type strains are compared, and to avoid future taxonomic conflicts, we therefore propose to assign XENO-1T to a new subspecies within X. bovienii . ANI and dDDH values between XENO-1T and any other of the species with validly published names of the genus are lower than 96 and 70 %, respectively, supporting its novel status. Biochemical tests and in silico genomic comparisons show that XENO-1T exhibit a unique physiological profile that differs from all the Xenorhabdus species with validly published names and from their more closely related taxa. Based on this, we propose that strain XENO-1T represents a new subspecies within the X. bovienii species, for which we propose the name X. bovienii subsp. africana subsp. nov, with XENO-1T (=CCM 9244T=CCOS 2015T) as the type strain.

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Xenorhabdus lircayensis sp. nov., the symbiotic bacterium associated with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema unicornum

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii (EMC) and X. budapestensis (EMA), Are Exceptional Sources of Non-Ribosomal Templated, Large-Target-Spectral, Thermotolerant-Antimicrobial Peptides (by Both), and Iodinin (by EMC)

Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii (EMC) and X. budapestensis (EMA), Are Exceptional Sources of Non-Ribosomal Templated, Large-Target-Spectral, Thermotolerant-Antimicrobial Peptides (by Both), and Iodinin (by EMC)

Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Integrated Pest Management and New Vistas

Xenorhabdus bovienii subsp. africana subsp. nov., isolated from Steinernema africanum entomopathogenic nematodes

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