Xenopus gpx3 Mediates Posterior Development by Regulating Cell Death during Embryogenesis

Lee, Hongchan; Ismail, Tayaba; Kim, Youni; Chae, Shinhyeok; Ryu, Hong‐Yeoul; Lee, Dong‐Seok; Kwon, Taeg Kyu; Park, Tae Joo; Kwon, Taejoon; Lee, Hyun‐Shik

doi:10.3390/antiox9121265

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, antioxidant supplementation has been shown to rescue newborn lethality in mice presenting lung maturation defects and respiratory insufficiency [ 29 ]. Adding to our understanding of the roles of redox modulation in development, Lee and colleagues [ 30 ] have shown the importance of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPx3) in posterior vertebrate embryogenesis in frogs, expanding the pool of data demonstrating the implication of redox processes in segmentation and organogenesis.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Redox Homeostasis

2021

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Cellular redox homeostasis is an essential and dynamic process that ensures the balance between reducing and oxidizing reactions within cells and regulates a plethora of biological responses and events. The study of these biochemical reactions has proven difficult over time, but recent technical and methodological developments have contributed to the rapid growth of the redox field and to our understanding of its importance in biology. The aim of this short review is to give the reader an overall understanding of redox regulation in the areas of cellular signaling, development, and disease, as well as to introduce some recent discoveries in those fields.

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Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Redox Homeostasis

2021

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“…HyPer-pCS2+ was linearized using the NotI restriction enzyme. The SP6 mMessage mMachine kit was used to synthesize mRNA (Ambion) [26].…”

Section: Morpholino Oligonucleotides Design and Xenopus Embryos Microinjectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xenopus embryos were fixed for 24 h in MEMFA (4% paraformaldehyde, 0.1-M MOPS pH 7.4, 1-mM MgSO4, and 2-mM EGTA) at 4 • C and were bleached using bleaching solution (3% H 2 O 2 , 5% formamide, and 5X SSC) after PBS washing. The embryos were processed for TUNEL [26,27].…”

Section: Terminal Deoxynucleotidal Transferase Dutp Nick End Labeling (Tunel) Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Images were taken using live anesthetized embryos using 1:1000 diluted benzocaine and an Olympus FV1200 confocal microscope. Images were analyzed by ImageJ (NIH; http://imagej.nih.gov; accessed on 10 June 2021) [26].…”

Section: In Vivo Imaging Of Rosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The critical balance of ROS is indispensable for embryonic development, and the members of thiol peroxidases have been studied for their essential roles in early vertebrate embryogenesis, for example, Prdx1 plays a crucial role in pronephros development during embryogenesis [24], and Prdx5 has been found to control vertebrate ciliogenesis [25]. In addition to Prdxs, GPx3 is involved in posterior development during vertebrate embryonic development [26]. Based on the pronounced roles of the members of thiol peroxidases during vertebrate embryonic development, we sought to investigate the physiological significance of erythrocyte's thiol peroxidases, i.e., GPx1 and Prdx2, during early embryogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Functions of Thiol Peroxidases (Gpx1 and Prdx2) during Xenopus laevis Embryonic Development

Lee

Kim

et al. 2021

Antioxidants

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Glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2) belong to the thiol peroxidase family of antioxidants, and have been studied for their antioxidant functions and roles in cancers. However, the physiological significance of Gpx1 and Prdx2 during vertebrate embryogenesis are lacking. Currently, we investigated the functional roles of Gpx1 and Prdx2 during vertebrate embryogenesis using Xenopus laevis as a vertebrate model. Our investigations revealed the zygotic nature of gpx1 having its localization in the eye region of developing embryos, whereas prdx2 exhibited a maternal nature and were localized in embryonic ventral blood islands. Furthermore, the gpx1-morphants exhibited malformed eyes with incompletely detached lenses. However, the depletion of prdx2 has not established its involvement with embryogenesis. A molecular analysis of gpx1-depleted embryos revealed the perturbed expression of a cryba1-lens-specific marker and also exhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the eye regions of gpx1-morphants. Additionally, transcriptomics analysis of gpx1-knockout embryos demonstrated the involvement of Wnt, cadherin, and integrin signaling pathways in the development of malformed eyes. Conclusively, our findings indicate the association of gpx1 with a complex network of embryonic developmental pathways and ROS responses, but detailed investigation is a prerequisite in order to pinpoint the mechanistic details of these interactions.

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PCNB exposure during early embryogenic development induces developmental delay and teratogenicity by altering the gene expression in Xenopus laevis

Ismail

Lee

Kim

et al. 2022

Environmental Toxicology

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Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) is an organochlorine fungicide commonly used to treat seeds against seedling infections and controlling snow mold on golf courses.PCNB has been demonstrated to be toxic to living organisms, including fish and several terrestrial organisms. However, only phenotypical deformities have been studied, and the effects of PCNB on early embryogenesis, where primary organogenesis occurs, have not been completely studied. In the current study, the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of PCNB is evaluated by using frog embryo teratogenesis assay Xenopus (FETAX). Our results confirmed the teratogenic potential of PCNB revealing the teratogenic index of 1.29 during early embryogenesis. Morphological studies revealed tiny head, bent axis, reduced inter ocular distance, hyperpigmentation, and reduced total body lengths. Whole mount in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were used to identify PCNB teratogenic effects at the gene level. The gene expression analyses revealed that PCNB was embryotoxic to the liver and heart of developing embryos. Additionally, to determine the most sensitive developmental stages to PCNB, embryos were exposed to the compound at various developmental stages, demonstrating that the most sensitive developmental stage to PCNB is primary organogenesis. Taken together, we infer that PCNB's teratogenic potential affects not just the phenotype of developing embryos but also the associated genes and involving the oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of toxicity, posing a hazard to normal embryonic growth. However, the mechanisms of teratogenesis require additional extensive investigation to be defined completely.

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Xenopus gpx3 Mediates Posterior Development by Regulating Cell Death during Embryogenesis

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Cellular Redox Homeostasis

Cellular Redox Homeostasis

Physiological Functions of Thiol Peroxidases (Gpx1 and Prdx2) during Xenopus laevis Embryonic Development

PCNB exposure during early embryogenic development induces developmental delay and teratogenicity by altering the gene expression in Xenopus laevis

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