Xenophobia, International Migration and Development

Abstract

Migration from developing to developed countries has been accompanied by growing resentment of immigrants and refugees. While xenophobic sentiment continues to be strongly entrenched in developed countries, it is increasingly prevalent in developing countries as well. This paper examines the rise of xenophobic sentiment and action in India and South Africa. The response of the state to xenophobic violence in each jurisdiction is considered. In each case, the ability of the state to formulate and implement remedial policies is compromised by its own complicity or denialism in regard to xenophobia. Without a coordinated international, regional and national recognition of the magnitude of the problem and the formulation of a coherent and coordinated response (including much more research on the actual rather than imagined impacts of migration), xenophobia will continue to undermine the rights of migrants and bedevil efforts to maximize the development potential of migration.Xenophobia, Cross-border migration, South Africa, India, Discrimination and intolerance, State policies,

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Social Isolation among North Korean Refugee Women in South Korea: The Moderating Role of Formal and Informal Support

“…The current worldwide increase in population migration has repercussions on the social discourse surrounding refugee issues in host countries [97][98][99]. Some countries have strictly limited the recognition of refugee status or have reduced migration inflow because of social cost, increased crime rates, or social conflicts.…”

Irregular migration and smallholder farmers crop production: A case of Kasulu District, Tanzania

“…These include depriving citizens of scarce resource (Crush and Ramachandran, 2010), exaggeration of migrant numbers hence making host communities feel like their national territory is under siege from the outside (Crush and Ramachandran, 2010). Other reasons include xenophobic discourses which portray migrants as a threat to the economic, social and cultural rights and entitlements of citizens.…”

“…For example, issues of competition for resources (in particular land) have been cited as one of the things concerning host communities when it comes to migrants (Crush and Ramachandran, 2010). Other reasons include fear of being arrested for breaking the law hence possibility of imprisonment, reduced labour market for the locals, and smallholder farmers becoming lazy (Table 7).…”

“…According to literature (Crush and Ramachandran, 2010), hostility between migrants and their host communities can arise due to a number of reasons. These include depriving citizens of scarce resource (Crush and Ramachandran, 2010), exaggeration of migrant numbers hence making host communities feel like their national territory is under siege from the outside (Crush and Ramachandran, 2010).…”

Cross-National Measure of Fear-Based Xenophobia: Development of a Cumulative Scale

“…Increased global migration has often been followed by an upswing in negative attitudes toward the newcomers (Yakushko, 2009). National debates about migration have influenced political decisions in countries around the world (Munro, 2006;Crush & Ramachandran, 2010). In particular, xenophobia in Western europe and the u.S. has been well documented and publicized (e.g., Smith & Edmonston, 1997;Pettigrew, 1998;finzsch & Schirmer, 2002).…”