Xenophobia and anti-immigrant attitudes in the time of COVID-19

Esses, Victoria M.; Hamilton, Leah K.

doi:10.1177/1368430220983470

Cited by 90 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Disgust, in turn, predicted greater dehumanization, consistent with the Prophylactic Dehumanization Model. Moreover, dehumanization had a downstream effect on anti-immigrant policies and attitudes, suggesting the pandemic’s effect on xenophobic sentiments (e.g., Esses & Hamilton, 2021 ) may in part be driven by the disgust and dehumanization arising from evolved predispositions to avoid disease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filthy Animals: Integrating the Behavioral Immune System and Disgust into a Model of Prophylactic Dehumanization

Landry

Ihm

Schooler

2021

Evolutionary Psychological Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The behavioral immune system (BIS) is an evolved psychological mechanism that motivates prophylactic avoidance of disease vectors by eliciting disgust. When felt toward social groups, disgust can dampen empathy and promote dehumanization. Therefore, we investigated whether the BIS facilitates the dehumanization of groups associated with disease by inspiring disgust toward them. An initial content analysis found that Nazi propaganda predominantly dehumanized Jews by portraying them as disease vectors or contaminants. This inspired three correlational studies supporting a Prophylactic Dehumanization Model in which the BIS predicted disgust toward disease-relevant outgroups, and this disgust in turn accounted for the dehumanization of these groups. In a final study, we found this process of prophylactic dehumanization had a downstream effect on increasing anti-immigrant attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, consistent with the evolutionary logic of a functionally flexible BIS, this effect only occurred when the threat of COVID-19 was salient. The implications of these results for the study of dehumanization and evolutionary theories of xenophobia are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40806-021-00296-8.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filthy Animals: Integrating the Behavioral Immune System and Disgust into a Model of Prophylactic Dehumanization

Landry

Ihm

Schooler

2021

Evolutionary Psychological Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Empirical evidence shows that foreigners generally have difficulties in adequately accessing health care services due to language and cultural differences, which could affect their vaccination intention [20,22]. Additionally, immigrants and even some foreigners have been blamed for the spread of COVID-19 in different countries [23]. These foreigners, regardless of their country of origin, usually belong to speakers of English, Chinese, and a few other foreign languages groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccine by Foreigners in South Korea

Achangwa

Lee

2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vaccination against COVID-19 is an important strategy for its control. Assessing the willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine in different subgroups is important for an inclusive vaccination program design. Our aim was to determine the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate and associated factors among foreigners in South Korea. An online cross-sectional study was carried out from May to June 2021. In this study, 710 individuals participated and most were aged between 26 and 29 (36.1%) years. Overall, 70.8% were willing to receive the vaccine. Males were less likely to accept the vaccine than females (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4–0.7, p < 0.001). Single people were more likely to receive the vaccine than those who were married (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 0.9–2.0, p = 0.04). Other factors associated with willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine were; vaccine convenience (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2–2.3, p = 0.002), doctors’ recommendation (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 2.0–3.9, p < 0.001), vaccine price (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2–2.3, p = 0.003), vaccine effectiveness (OR: 8.3; 95% CI: 5.8–12.1, p < 0.001), vaccine importance (OR: 7.9; 95% CI: 4.6–14.1, p < 0.001), and vaccine safety (OR: 6.9; 95% CI: 4.5–10.8, p < 0.001). Providing more information on vaccine safety and effectiveness is required to increase vaccine acceptance.

show abstract

“…(2021) . Heightened uncertainty coupled with increased nationalism in some countries may lead to an “us versus them” mentality ( Bieber, 2020 ; Esses & Hamilton, 2021 ). The hyper-precarity of unskilled migrant labour in the “Global North” ( Lewis et al ., 2015 ) is also paralleled in Malaysia.…”

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on vulnerable populations in Malaysia through an ethical lens: A study of non-state actors involved in aid distribution

Nungsari¹,

Chuah²,

Fong³

et al. 2022

Wellcome Open Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Globally, vulnerable populations have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent responses, such as lockdown measures and mass vaccinations. Numerous ethical challenges have arisen at different levels, be it at the policy-making level or on the ground. For example, policymakers have to contain a highly contagious disease with high morbidity using scarce resources, while minimizing the medium- to long-term social and economic impacts induced by containment measures. This study explores the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations in Malaysia by using an intersectional framework that accounts for overlapping forms of marginalization. Methods: This study utilizes in-depth qualitative data obtained from 34 individuals and organizations to understand the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on vulnerable populations in Malaysia. We utilize four principles of ethics to guide our coding and interpretation of the data – namely beneficence, non-maleficence, justice and autonomy. We utilize a frequency analysis to roughly understand the types of ethical issues that emerged. Using hermeneutic content analysis (HCA), we then explore how the principles interact with each other. Results: Through the frequently analysis, we found that although beneficence was very prevalent in our dataset, so was a significant amount of harm – as perpetuated through injustice, the removal or lack of autonomy and maleficence. We also unearthed a worrying landscape of harm and deep systemic issues associated with a lack of support for vulnerable households – further exacerbated during the pandemic. Conclusions: Policy recommendations for aid organizations and society to mitigate these ethical problems are presented, such as long overdue institutional reforms and stronger ethical practices rooted in human rights principles, which government agencies and aid providers can then use in the provision of aid to vulnerable populations.

show abstract

Xenophobia and anti-immigrant attitudes in the time of COVID-19

Cited by 90 publications

References 23 publications

Filthy Animals: Integrating the Behavioral Immune System and Disgust into a Model of Prophylactic Dehumanization

Filthy Animals: Integrating the Behavioral Immune System and Disgust into a Model of Prophylactic Dehumanization

Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccine by Foreigners in South Korea

Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on vulnerable populations in Malaysia through an ethical lens: A study of non-state actors involved in aid distribution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About