Xeno‐regenerative medicine: A novel concept for donor kidney fabrication

Abstract

Allogeneic kidney transplantation not only dramatically improves the prognosis and quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease who require dialysis, but also provides significant medical economic benefits. However, due to chronic shortage of donor organs, patients have to continue to undergo dialysis, which can be stressful How to cite this article: Yokoo T, Yamanaka S, Kobayashi E.

Generating liver using blastocyst complementation: Opportunities and challenges

“…This is significant development because production of human xenoreactive antibodies that react against epitopes on pig cells and produce immune responses that destroy them is a major barrier and, therefore, eliminating this obstacle is essential for clinical xenotransplantation. To overcome this possibility, a novel concept of “xeno‐regenerative medicine” has been proposed recently 134 for producing a hybrid organ that would reduce immune responses against xenoantigens upon transplantation. Similar strategies could be adopted to abrogate other porcine viruses as well in studies with IBC to enable safe and effective xenotransplantation of porcine livers.…”

Xenotransplantation literature update for September – October 2020

“…Cell therapy or sheet therapy, wherein, cells or sheets of iPS derived cells are made adherent onto surfaces of injured organs. Kidney organoids composed of different lineages which include the nephron progenitor cells (NPCs), ureteric buds, and interstitial stem cells 31 which show organization when combined together and demonstrate urine production after filtering host's blood following transplantation 32 . However, they grow up to 1‐2 mm and need further studies before clinical application 31 .…”

“…Kidney organoids composed of different lineages which include the nephron progenitor cells (NPCs), ureteric buds, and interstitial stem cells 31 which show organization when combined together and demonstrate urine production after filtering host's blood following transplantation 32 . However, they grow up to 1‐2 mm and need further studies before clinical application 31 . Blastocyst complementation has been successful in generating pancreas using rat iPS cells injected into mouse blastocyst 33 .…”

Techniques of orthotopic renal transplantation. II. Size-matched porcine grafts in monkey recipients

“…We have been making progress in the development of xeno-regenerative medicine, a novel branch of renal regenerative therapy in which porcine embryonic kidneys are used as a scaffold for human nephron progenitor cells in the recipient body 8 . Studies using small animals have shown that embryonic kidneys matured in vivo are best transplanted at the natural para-aortic location of the kidneys 9 .…”

“…These experimental renal transplants require anastomosis of the transplanted renal artery to be made to the abdominal aorta at a lower level than the recipient’s renal vein, as well as orthotopic anastomosis of the transplanted renal vein to the inferior vena cava 1 , 4 . Based on the experience accumulated thus far, when the recipient animal is a quadruped, the transplanted kidney hangs from the aorta or inferior vena cava, and, accordingly, the blood flow is less likely to be impaired 8 .…”