Xen and the art of virtualization

Barham, Paul; Dragovic, Boris; Fraser, Keir; Hand, Steven; Harris, Tim; Ho, Alex; Neugebauer, Rolf; Pratt, Ian; Warfield, Andrew

doi:10.1145/945445.945462

Cited by 2,152 publications

(1,497 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Xen [1,2] is a popular open-source x86 virtual machine monitor (VMM) based on virtualization technologies. Recent prevalent virtualization technologies, like full system virtualization adopted in VmWare [15] and para-virtualization are both supported by Xen which uses para-virtualization as a more efficient and lower overhead modes of virtualizations.…”

Section: A Xen I/o Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the workload combinations of (1, 50) is the next best pairing for the similar reason. The workload combinations of (30, 100) and (50, 100) offer better combined throughput than the worst combination of workloads (1, 1) and (1,10), which incurs highest resource contention. Our observations are consistent with the Xen I/O architecture presented in previous section II.…”

Section: Interference Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virtualization allows diverse applications to run in the isolated environments through creating multiple virtual machines (VMs) on a shared hardware platform, and managing resource sharing across VMs by virtual machine monitor (VMM) technology [1]. Although VMMs (hypervisors) have the abilities to slice resources and allocate the shares to different VMs, our measurement study shows that applications running on one VM may still affect the performance of applications running on its neighbor VMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Understanding Performance Interference of I/O Workload in Virtualized Cloud Environments

Liu

Mei

et al. 2010

2010 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing

152

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Abstract-Server virtualization offers the ability to slice large, underutilized physical servers into smaller, parallel virtual machines (VMs), enabling diverse applications to run in isolated environments on a shared hardware platform. Effective management of virtualized cloud environments introduces new and unique challenges, such as efficient CPU scheduling for virtual machines, effective allocation of virtual machines to handle both CPU intensive and I/O intensive workloads. Although a fair number of research projects have dedicated to measuring, scheduling, and resource management of virtual machines, there still lacks of in-depth understanding of the performance factors that can impact the efficiency and effectiveness of resource multiplexing and resource scheduling among virtual machines. In this paper, we present our experimental study on the performance interference in parallel processing of CPU and network intensive workloads in the Xen Virtual Machine Monitors (VMMs). We conduct extensive experiments to measure the performance interference among VMs running network I/O workloads that are either CPU bound or network bound. Based on our experiments and observations, we conclude with four key findings that are critical to effective management of virtualized cloud environments for both cloud service providers and cloud consumers. First, running networkintensive workloads in isolated environments on a shared hardware platform can lead to high overheads due to extensive context switches and events in driver domain and VMM. Second, co-locating CPUintensive workloads in isolated environments on a shared hardware platform can incur high CPU contention due to the demand for fast memory pages exchanges in I/O channel. Third, running CPUintensive workloads and network-intensive workloads in conjunction incurs the least resource contention, delivering higher aggregate performance. Last but not the least, identifying factors that impact the total demand of the exchanged memory pages is critical to the indepth understanding of the interference overheads in I/O channel in the driver domain and VMM.

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Section: A Xen I/o Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interference Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Understanding Performance Interference of I/O Workload in Virtualized Cloud Environments

Liu

Mei

et al. 2010

2010 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are several approaches under current investigation that may allow the VMM to remain unmodified, or at most slightly modified, while enhancing the opportunities for VMI. For example, a privileged virtual machine (called Dom0) under Xen [7] serves, in many cases, as the direct interface to physical hardware, such as the network cards. So monitoring of non-privileged virtual machine (called DomU) interactions with hardware may require modifying Dom0.…”

Section: A Vmi Tool Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Implications of Virtual Machine Introspection for Digital Forensics

Nance

Bishop

Hay

2009

2009 International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security

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Abstract-Researchers and practitioners in computer forensics currently must base their analysis on information that is either incomplete or produced by tools that may themselves be compromised as a result of the intrusion. Complicating these issues are the techniques employed by the investigators themselves. If the system is quiescent when examined, most of the information in memory has been lost. If the system is active, the kernel and programs used by the forensic investigators are likely to influence the results and as such are themselves suspect. Using virtual machines and a technique called virtual machine introspection can help overcome these limits, but it introduces its own research challenges. Recent developments in virtual machine introspection have led to the identification of four initial priority research areas in virtual machine introspection including virtual machine introspection tool development, applications of virtual machine introspection to non-quiescent virtual machines, virtual machine introspection covert operations, and virtual machine introspection detection.

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“…Virtual machine technologies, e.g. VMware [4] and XEN [7] are also used as checkpointers. Furthermore, there are distributed checkpointers such as LinuxSSI [5], DCR [12] and DMTCP [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Checkpointing and Migration of Communication Channels in Heterogeneous Grid Environments

Mehnert-Spahn

Schoettner

2010

Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing

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Abstract. A grid checkpointing service providing migration and transparent fault tolerance is important for distributed and parallel applications executed in heterogeneous grids. In this paper we address the challenges of checkpointing and migrating communication channels of grid applications executed on nodes equipped with different checkpointer packages. We present a solution that is transparent for the applications and the underlying checkpointers. It also allows using single node checkpointers for distributed applications. The measurement numbers show only a small overhead especially with respect to large grid-applications where checkpointing may consume many minutes.

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Xen and the art of virtualization

Cited by 2,152 publications

References 26 publications

Understanding Performance Interference of I/O Workload in Virtualized Cloud Environments

Understanding Performance Interference of I/O Workload in Virtualized Cloud Environments

Investigating the Implications of Virtual Machine Introspection for Digital Forensics

Checkpointing and Migration of Communication Channels in Heterogeneous Grid Environments

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