The Real-Time Economy has created a world of automated transaction sensing, integrated information systems, big data, and thousands of real-time applications running throughout the multiple process environments of modern business systems. Accounting and audit procedures are progressively more and more anachronistic (Titera 2013) in view of the different environments and new data quality requirements. The opaque nature of modern systems with user-configurable controls, where operations and control are not directly observed and codified rigidly, requires rethinking of the measurement and assurance processes. New approaches are needed for the assurance and data quality objectives of organizations. These new approaches to measurement and assurance have to span the areas of audit automation, continuous monitoring, and continuous assurance as well as have an overlay of solid governance. Without a responsible and coherent governance structure, even solid systems adapted or reengineered for modern circumstances are useless. This issue contains 16 articles including this editor's note, the special section on IT governance, and an article from practice. Eight articles in this issue focus on the topic of IT Governance, which is defined as ''the process by which organizations seek to ensure that their investment in information technology facilitates strategic and tactical goals. IT governance is a subset of broader corporate governance, focusing on the role played by information technology within the organization'' (Debreceny and Gray 2013), and is rated as one of the principal concerns in the now very popular and large governance literature. Governance methods encompass a mix of processes, organizational structures, and rules that cope with the information asymmetry created by the current form of public capital organizations, although they are also relevant to other entities like private and governmental enterprises. This introductory article reviews the content of this edition, and attempts to set the stage for a discussion of future issues in the evolving technological environment and how auditing needs to change. Furthermore, it offers insights concerning what research must be performed to guide this evolution. Keys to these considerations are issues of formalization, automation, and robots. The ''Issue Content'' section will describe the non-governance articles in this issue, and the ''Evolving Business Measurement and Data Quality'' section will discuss research implications of the quest for accounting/audit automation.