XBB.1.5 Kraken cracked: Gibbs energies of binding and biosynthesis of the XBB.1.5 variant of SARS-CoV-2

Popovic, Marko

doi:10.1016/j.micres.2023.127337

Cited by 21 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The result of competition was the suppression of the old variants with newer ones, which exhibited greater infectivity [Eales et al, 2022]. All variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been chemically and thermodynamically characterized [Popovic, 2023b[Popovic, , 2023c[Popovic, , 2023d[Popovic, , 2022b[Popovic, , 2022c[Popovic, , 2022d During the time evolution of the virus, through acquisition of mutations, changes occurred in the elemental composition, information content in the genome and spike glycoprotein, towards formation of a greater binding affinity for the receptor [Makowski et al, 2022]. An increase in binding affinity resulted in a greater antigen-receptor binding rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The driving force for reactions of polymerization is Gibbs energy of biosynthesis [Popovic, 2022a;Demirel, 2014]. This is why Gibbs energy determines biosynthesis rate, according to the phenomenological equation [Popovic, 2023c[Popovic, , 2023dvon Stockar, 2013a;Demirel, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Replacement of one or more nucleotides with another (which is the basis of mutation) leads to change in empirical formula of the thermodynamic system (bacteria or virus). Empirical formulas of viruses have been reported in the literature [Degueldre, 2021;Şimşek et al, 2021;Popovic, 2023bPopovic, , 2023cPopovic, , 2023d.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mutations that appeared during 3 years on SARS-CoV-2, from the Hu-1 to XBB.1.5 variant, have been reported in the literature [Degueldre, 2021;Şimşek et al, 2021;Popovic, 2023bPopovic, , 2023cPopovic, , 2023dPopovic, , 2022bPopovic, , 2022cPopovic, , 2022dPopovic and Popovic, 2022;Minceva, 2021a, 2020b]. Chemical and thermodynamic properties of various viruses can be found in the literature [Popovic, 2022i, 2022j, 2022k, 2023e].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last 3 years, the atom counting method has been developed for calculating empirical formulas of microorganisms [Popovic, 2022m]. Empirical formulas of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles have been reported by [Degueldre, 2021;Şimşek et al, 2021;Popovic, 2023bPopovic, , 2023cPopovic, , 2023dPopovic, , 2022cPopovic, , 2022dPopovic and Minceva, 2020b]. Thermodynamic properties of human host tissues have been reported in the literature [Xu et al, 2022;Popovic, 2022i;Popovic and Minceva, 2020c].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brief History of Thermodynamic Research on Microorganisms

Popovic¹

2023

Preprint

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Pathogen-host interaction (virus-host, bacteria-host and fungi-host) is analyzed from the perspective of biothermodynamics. A mechanistic model of pathogen-host interactions, which was earlier applied to virus-host interactions, was applied for the first time to bacteria-host and fungi-host interactions. Through a mechanistic model suggested in this research, it is possible to explain the phenomenon of tropism of microorganisms to develop infections in certain tissues. Gibbs energy of biosynthesis represents the driving force for growth of bacteria inside host organisms. A growing bacterial colony represents a thermodynamic system, while the host organism is its surroundings. The permissiveness coefficient determines the possibility of growth of bacteria in an appropriate environment (tissue).

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