XAV-19, a swine glyco-humanized polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor-binding domain, targets multiple epitopes and broadly neutralizes variants

Vanhove, Bernard; Marot, Stéphane; Gaborit, Benjamin; Evanno, Gwénaëlle; Malet, Isabelle; Ciron, Carine; Royer, Pierre-Joseph; Lhériteau, Elsa; Denié, S; Raffi, François; Duvaux, Odile; Marcelin, Anne‐Geneviève; Calvez,

doi:10.1101/2021.04.02.437747

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This reduced sensitivity to neutralization with the preexisting specific antibodies to spike protein has been also documented with the sera of fully vaccinated people who were immunized with Pfizer or the AstraZeneca vaccines [130]. Beta "B.1.351" and gamma "P.1" variants carrying the mutations K417N, E484K, and N501Y showed marked change in their in vitro susceptibility toward neutralizing monoclonal antibody cocktail "bamlanivimab plus Etesevimab" when compared to alpha and delta variants [131] More recently, a new VUM lineage "C.36" and sublineages "C.36.1, C.36.2, C.36.3" have emerged and become predominant in Egypt. The transmission of this lineage and relevant sublineages was associated with reduced susceptibility to neutralization [127].…”

Section: Orf8mentioning

confidence: 61%

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Control between Drug Repurposing and Vaccination: A Comprehensive Overview

et al. 2021

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Respiratory viruses represent a major public health concern, as they are highly mutated, resulting in new strains emerging with high pathogenicity. Currently, the world is suffering from the newly evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a mild-to-severe respiratory tract infection with frequent ability to give rise to fatal pneumonia in humans. The overwhelming outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 continues to unfold all over the world, urging scientists to put an end to this global pandemic through biological and pharmaceutical interventions. Currently, there is no specific treatment option that is capable of COVID-19 pandemic eradication, so several repurposed drugs and newly conditionally approved vaccines are in use and heavily applied to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of new variants of the virus that partially or totally escape from the immune response elicited by the approved vaccines requires continuous monitoring of the emerging variants to update the content of the developed vaccines or modify them totally to match the new variants. Herein, we discuss the potential therapeutic and prophylactic interventions including repurposed drugs and the newly developed/approved vaccines, highlighting the impact of virus evolution on the immune evasion of the virus from currently licensed vaccines for COVID-19.

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Section: Orf8mentioning

confidence: 61%

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Control between Drug Repurposing and Vaccination: A Comprehensive Overview

et al. 2021

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“…According to in vitro experiments, XAV-19 maintains neutralization activity against the most predominant SARS-CoV-2 variants from alpha to omicron (B.1.1.529). Thus, XAV-19 may provide a novel effective therapeutic tool to combat COVID-19 VOCs [99][100][101]. [18,70,92,[102][103][104].…”

Section: Xav-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe COVID-19: Drugs and Clinical Trials

Ceja-Gálvez

Renteria-Flores

Nicoletti

et al. 2023

JCM

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By January of 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic had led to a reported total of 6,700,883 deaths and 662,631,114 cases worldwide. To date, there have been no effective therapies or standardized treatment schemes for this disease; therefore, the search for effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategies is a primary goal that must be addressed. This review aims to provide an analysis of the most efficient and promising therapies and drugs for the prevention and treatment of severe COVID-19, comparing their degree of success, scope, and limitations, with the aim of providing support to health professionals in choosing the best pharmacological approach. An investigation of the most promising and effective treatments against COVID-19 that are currently available was carried out by employing search terms including “Convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19” or “Viral polymerase inhibitors” and “COVID-19” in the Clinicaltrials.gov and PubMed databases. From the current perspective and with the information available from the various clinical trials assessing the efficacy of different therapeutic options, we conclude that it is necessary to standardize certain variables—such as the viral clearance time, biomarkers associated with severity, hospital stay, requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality rate—in order to facilitate verification of the efficacy of such treatments and to better assess the repeatability of the most effective and promising results.

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Passive Immunotherapy Against SARS-CoV-2: From Plasma-Based Therapy to Single Potent Antibodies in the Race to Stay Ahead of the Variants

Strohl

et al. 2022

BioDrugs

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The COVID-19 pandemic is now approaching 2 years old, with more than 440 million people infected and nearly six million dead worldwide, making it the most significant pandemic since the 1918 influenza pandemic. The severity and significance of SARS-CoV-2 was recognized immediately upon discovery, leading to innumerable companies and institutes designing and generating vaccines and therapeutic antibodies literally as soon as recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein sequence was available. Within months of the pandemic start, several antibodies had been generated, tested, and moved into clinical trials, including Eli Lilly’s bamlanivimab and etesevimab, Regeneron’s mixture of imdevimab and casirivimab, Vir’s sotrovimab, Celltrion’s regdanvimab, and Lilly’s bebtelovimab. These antibodies all have now received at least Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) and some have received full approval in select countries. To date, more than three dozen antibodies or antibody combinations have been forwarded into clinical trials. These antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 all target the receptor-binding domain (RBD), with some blocking the ability of the RBD to bind human ACE2, while others bind core regions of the RBD to modulate spike stability or ability to fuse to host cell membranes. While these antibodies were being discovered and developed, new variants of SARS-CoV-2 have cropped up in real time, altering the antibody landscape on a moving basis. Over the past year, the search has widened to find antibodies capable of neutralizing the wide array of variants that have arisen, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. The recent rise and dominance of the Omicron family of variants, including the rather disparate BA.1 and BA.2 variants, demonstrate the need to continue to find new approaches to neutralize the rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus. This review highlights both convalescent plasma- and polyclonal antibody-based approaches as well as the top approximately 50 antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, their epitopes, their ability to bind to SARS-CoV-2 variants, and how they are delivered. New approaches to antibody constructs, including single domain antibodies, bispecific antibodies, IgA- and IgM-based antibodies, and modified ACE2-Fc fusion proteins, are also described. Finally, antibodies being developed for palliative care of COVID-19 disease, including the ramifications of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are described. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40259-022-00529-7.

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XAV-19, a swine glyco-humanized polyclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor-binding domain, targets multiple epitopes and broadly neutralizes variants

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Control between Drug Repurposing and Vaccination: A Comprehensive Overview

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Control between Drug Repurposing and Vaccination: A Comprehensive Overview

Severe COVID-19: Drugs and Clinical Trials

Passive Immunotherapy Against SARS-CoV-2: From Plasma-Based Therapy to Single Potent Antibodies in the Race to Stay Ahead of the Variants

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