Xanthones Analysis and Antioxidant Activity Analysis (Applying ESR) of Six Different Maturity Levels of Mangosteen Rind Extract (Garcinia mangostana Linn.)

Abstract

Background: Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) is tropical fruit that known to contain bioactive compounds which has particular function as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. Mangosteen rind extract is known to have high contents of xanthone compounds which have antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. This study was done to determine the contents of xanthone derivatives using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and antioxidant activity of six different maturity levels of mangosteen rind extract using Electron spin resonance (ESR). Method: Mangosteen was classified based on the maturity level by its visual characteristic and divided into six criteria of maturity. The mangosteen rinds were extracted through maceration and freeze drying method. Qualitative analysis of xanthone was obtained using LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was determined using ESR spectrometer. To evaluate antioxidant activity, using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used as free radical scavenger method. Results: The LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the highest concentrations are filled by mangosteen rind with maturity level 6. Moreover, each maturity levels of mangosteen rind extract has different g value compared to DPPH free radical. Different g value indicated the different type of free radical and decreasing g value indicated the declining intensity of free radical. The higher decreasing of g value was mangosteen rind with maturity level 4, 5 and 6. Conclusion: Mangosteen rind extract contains xanthone and its derivatives and ESR analysis showed that different maturity levels on mangosteen rind has different antioxidant activity as indicated by declining free radical intensity.

LC-QTOF-MS analysis of xanthone content in different parts of Garcinia mangostana and its influence on cholinesterase inhibition

“…The difference could be due to the difference in the ripening stages of the fruits and the extraction solvent used, which was methylene chloride. On the other hand, a more recent study on the xanthone analysis of six different maturity levels of mangosteen rind extract using LC-MS/MS analysis reported the γ-mangostin levels in the range of 0.94–66.13 mg per gram of extract, which were comparable with the present study (57.0 mg/g extract) 19 . In contrast to the methanol extracts, total xanthone content in the aqueous extracts are relatively much lower attributed to the relatively non-polar nature of the prenylated xanthones.…”

In-vitro studies on antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Sesoot (Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq.) fruit ethanolic extract from Indonesia

“…Xanthones contain α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, and another minor compound (Mohammad et al, 2019). Xanthones from Garcinia fruit were known to exhibit pharmacologic properties such as antioxidant (Gondokesumo et al, 2019), antidiabetic (Ewenighi et al, 2015), and anti-inflammatory (Mohan et al, 2018). The ABTS •+ -reducing activity of GpKar and xanthone is shown in Figure . 1, and the IC 50 of samples in ABTS •+ -reducing activity are shown in Table 1.…”

Utilization of corn husk for tissue papermaking

“…The additives compound such as chitosan that the most using is sizing agent for improving tissue structures by fulfilling each component of tissue paper. Moreover, chitosan and mangosteen peel would also include in tissue papermaking as additives [4][5][6]. Those components have antibacterial activities likewise people with highly sensitive skin may use appropriately.…”