Xanthomonas euvesicatoria Causes Bacterial Spot Disease on Pepper Plant in Korea

Abstract

In 2004, bacterial spot-causing xanthomonads (BSX) were reclassified into 4 species—Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans, and X. gardneri. Bacterial spot disease on pepper plant in Korea is known to be caused by both X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and X. vesicatoria. Here, we reidentified the pathogen causing bacterial spots on pepper plant based on the new classification. Accordingly, 72 pathogenic isolates were obtained from the lesions on pepper plants at 42 different locations. All isolates were negative for pectolytic activity. Five isolates were positive for amylolytic activity. All of the Korean pepper isolates had a 32 kDa-protein unique to X. euvesicatoria and had the same band pattern of the rpoB gene as that of X. euvesicatoria and X. perforans as indicated by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. A phylogenetic tree of 16S rDNA sequences showed that all of the Korean pepper plant isolates fit into the same group as did all the reference strains of X. euvesicatoria and X. perforans. A phylogenetic tree of the nucleotide sequences of 3 housekeeping genes—gapA, gyrB, and lepA showed that all of the Korean pepper plant isolates fit into the same group as did all of the references strains of X. euvesicatoria. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, we identified the pathogen as X. euvesicatoria. Neither X. vesicatoria, the known pathogen of pepper bacterial spot, nor X. perforans, the known pathogen of tomato plant, was isolated. Thus, we suggest that the pathogen causing bacterial spot disease of pepper plants in Korea is X. euvesicatoria.

Genetic diversity and virulence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris isolates from Brassica napus and six Brassica oleracea crops in Serbia

“…The PCR amplification was performed in a total reaction volume of 25 μL, containing 12.5 µL of DreamTaq Green PCR Master Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 1 µL of sample total DNA, 1 µL of each of the primers (10 µ m ) and 9.5 µL of ultrapure DNase/RNase‐free water. Cycling programmes for fusA , gap‐1 , gltA , gyrB1 , lacF and lepA primers were performed according to Kyeon et al (), starting with an initial denaturation step at 94 °C for 5 min; followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94 °C for 30 s, annealing at 58 °C for 30 s and polymerization at 72 °C for 30 s; with a final extension cycle at 72 °C for 7 min. The remaining four genes ( rpoD , dnaK , fyuA and gyrB2 ) were amplified according to the method described by Young et al ().…”

Diagnosis of plant diseases using the Nanopore sequencing platform

“…The resulting suspension was 10‐fold serial diluted, plated onto NA and King's B medium and incubated for 48 h at 28 °C. Single colonies were transferred to fresh plates and subjected to PCR amplification with specific primers for Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (Koenraadt et al ., ; Kyeon et al ., ) or Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Meng et al ., ).…”

Isolation and characterization of Bacillus sp. strain BC01 from soil displaying potent antagonistic activity against plant and fish pathogenic fungi and bacteria

“…Other bacterial species such as those belonging to Pseudomonas cause a variety of plant diseases with diverse symptoms, such as cankers, spots, blight, rot, and galls, while Xanthomonas spp. (especially X. euvesicatoria and X. perforans ) cause spots and blights of leaf, stem, and fruits [4], [5]. In fish, Aphanomyces invadans causes epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) leading to similar damage [6].…”