Xanthine oxidoreductase activity is associated with serum uric acid and glycemic control in hemodialysis patients

Abstract

Xanthine oxidoreductase activity (XOR-a) plays an important role as a pivotal source of reactive oxygen species. In the present study, we investigated factors associated with plasma XOR-a in 163 hemodialysis patients (age 67.3 ± 10.9 years; 89 males and 74 females), using a newly established, highly-sensitive assay based on [13C2,15N2] xanthine and liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Plasma glucose and serum uric acid levels correlated significantly and positively with plasma XOR-a. In multiple regression analyses, the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and plasma glucose were associated significantly, independently, and positively with plasma XOR-a. While serum uric acid correlated significantly and positively with plasma XOR-a in hemodialysis patients without T2DM, plasma glucose and serum glycated albumin, a new marker of glycemic control in diabetic hemodialysis patients, correlated significantly and positively with plasma XOR-a in those with T2DM. Multivariate analyses in those with T2DM revealed that plasma glucose and serum glycated albumin were associated significantly and independently with plasma XOR-a, and that serum uric acid was associated significantly and independently with XOR-a in those without T2DM. Our results suggested that glycemic control in hemodialysis patients may be important in regard to a decrease in ROS induced by XOR.

Association of plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity with blood pressure affected by oxidative stress level: MedCity21 health examination registry

“…Together, these results suggest that XOR contributes to increase BP, at least in part via endothelial dysfunction through ROS production. Importantly, VFA (ρ = 0.513, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (ρ = 0.260, p = 0.001) were positively correlated with plasma XOR activity, which is consistent with previous reports including ours showing that obesity and glycemic control level are positively associated with plasma XOR activity 20,21 . Visceral fat accumulation and diabetes are known to be risk factors for development of hypertension, though the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated.…”

Plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity in patients with decompensated acute heart failure requiring intensive care

“…19,20 Xanthine oxidoreductase values reported in previous studies Even though plasma XOR activity is a new surrogate biomarker that reflects oxidative stress, some interesting articles on human plasma XOR activity have recently been published. [9][10][11]21,22 The first report on plasma XOR activity in humans by Otaki et al evaluated plasma XOR activity in 440 patients with chronic HF whose status was mainly NYHA class 10 In comparison with previous reports, the median value of XOR activity observed in the present study was extremely high at 104 pmol/h/mL. This suggests that patients with severely decompensated AHF suffered from excessive oxidative stress, which could have been caused by enhanced XOR activity during the acute phase.…”

“…Theoretically, XOR activity should be positively correlated with the serum UA levels because the production of UA requires activation of XOR. While the results of some recent studies support this hypothesis, 11,21,23 other studies report conflicting results. 9,10,22 Nevertheless, although XOR activity and serum UA levels were significantly correlated in the present study, the correlation coefficient was not definitive [r = 0.335 (Spearman), data not shown].…”

“…Terawaki et al reported that the mean XOR activity in 13 patients with CKD was 23.1 ± 15.9 pmol/h/mL 22. Furthermore, Nakatani et al reported that the mean XOR activity of 163 patients with end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis was 21.4 ± 13.5 pmol/h/mL and demonstrated that plasma XOR activity was associated with diabetes mellitus, leading to the conclusion that it may be necessary to reduce the ROS induced by enhanced XOR activity in patients with diabetes mellitus who required haemodialysis 21. Finally, Fujimura et al investigated the relationship between XOR activity and clinical features observed in patients with cardiac diseases.…”

Relationship between glomerular filtration rate with uric acid and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratioin diabetic patients

“…Uric acid is the end product of purine catabolism in humans. At the same time, it is suggested as a result of the studies performed that the uric acid is a protective antioxidant against the oxidative stress [2,3].However, while it is expected that the uric acid, which is known to be an anti-oxidant in the diabetic patients, corrects the renal damage, it is said that it increases the renal damage [4][5][6]. It is acknowledged that the oxidative stress develops in diabetes, and this oxidative stress contributes to the formation of both the disease and the complications [7][8][9][10][11].…”