Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the methanolic extracts of selected Jordanian medicinal plants

Abstract

Background:The search for novel xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors with a higher therapeutic activity and fewer side effects are desired not only to treat gout but also to combat various other diseases associated with the XO activity. At present, the potential of developing successful natural products for the management of XO-related diseases is still largely unexplored. In the present study, we have screened the methanolic extracts of various Jordanian medicinal plants for their XO inhibitory activities using an optimized protocol.Materials and Methods:The methanolic extracts of 23 medicinal plants, belonging to 12 families, were tested in vitro, at 200 μg/ml concentrations, for their XO inhibitory potential. The dose-dependent inhibition profiles of the most active plants were further evaluated by estimating the IC50 values of their corresponding extracts.Results:Six plants were found most active (% inhibition more than 39%). These plants are Salvia spinosa L. (IC50 = 53.7 μg/ml), Anthemis palestina Boiss. (168.0 μg/ml), Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (199.5 μg/ml), Achillea biebersteinii Afansiev (360.0 μg/ml), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (650.0 μg/ml), and Ginkgo biloba L. (595.8 μg/ml). Moreover, four more plants, namely Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (28.7% inhibition), Helianthemum ledifolium (L.) Mill. (28.4%), Majorana syriaca (L.) Kostel. (25.1%), and Mentha spicata L. (22.5%) showed a XO inhibitory activity in the range of 22–30%.Conclusion:The study showed that many of the tested plant species are potential sources of natural XO inhibitors that can be developed, upon further investigation, into successful herbal drugs for treatment of gout and other XO-related disorders.

Screening the anti-gout traditional herbs from TCM using an in vitro method

“…A large number of the plant species are potential sources of natural XOD inhibitors [40,41] which could decrease XOD activity in serum or liver of the animal models of hyperuricemia and gout [42,43]. To date, TCM has been used for inhibiting XOD activity and decreasing the level of uric acid.…”

Anti-hyperuricemic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Marantodes pumilum as Potential Treatment for Gout

“…In vitro Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Assay Xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity was measured using a slightly modifying spectrophotometric method as described by Hudaib et al (2011), Noro et al (1983), and Sweeney et al (2001) using 96-well plates. A mixture consisted of 130 µL of phosphate buffer solution, 10 µL of working solution of extract (400 µg/mL) or controls (100 µg/mL of allopurinol or 0.5% of DMSO) and 10 µL of xanthine oxidase solution (0.2 units/mL) were pre-incubated at 25 • C for 15 min.…”

In Vitro and in Vivo Studies of Antihyperuricemic and Antioxidant Activity From Bulbs of Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine Palmifolia (L.) Merr.) From Indonesia

“…Flavonoids, isolated from plants, have been reported as a potential inhibitor for xanthine oxidase [1][2][3][4]. Morin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and baicalein have been reported to have inhibitory activity against xanthine oxydase in vitro [5].…”