Xanthine Oxidase Activity Is Associated with Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Inflammatory and Oxidative Status Markers in Metabolic Syndrome: Effects of a Single Exercise Session

Abstract

Objective. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in metabolic syndrome in subjects submitted to a single exercise session. We also investigated parameters of oxidative and inflammatory status. Materials/Methods. A case-control study (9 healthy and 8 MS volunteers) was performed to measure XO, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase activities, lipid peroxidation, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) content, glucose levels, and lipid profile. Body mass indices, abdominal circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and TG levels were also determined. The exercise session consisted of 3 minutes of stretching, 3 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes at a constant dynamic workload at a moderate intensity, and 3 minutes at a low speed. The blood samples were collected before and 15 minutes after the exercise session. Results. Serum XO activity was higher in MS group compared to control group. SOD activity was lower in MS subjects. XO activity was correlated with SOD, abdominal circumference, body mass indices, and hsCRP. The single exercise session reduced the SOD activity in the control group. Conclusions. Our data support the association between oxidative stress and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and suggest XO is present in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.

Is Xanthine oxidase activity in polycystic ovary syndrome associated with inflammatory and cardiovascular risk factors?

“…It has been suggested that XO plays a central role in MS by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors (Feoli et al, 2014).…”

“…XO was shown to be positively correlated with a low-grade inflammatory marker, namely high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) (Feoli et al, 2014). Inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, may be involved in the activation of XO.…”

“…High cell turnover is also prominent in the case of high serum uric acid concentrations (Higgins, 2009). Increased XO activity is reported to be associated with oxidative stress in many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cataracts, and metabolic syndrome (MS) (Furukawa et al, 2004;Galassetti, 2012;Feoli et al, 2014;Miric et al, 2013). However, to our knowledge, there has been no data concerning the associations between XO activity and PCOS.…”

Xanthine oxidoreductase in atherosclerosis pathogenesis: Not only oxidative stress

“…The hypothesis has been formulated that an imbalance in both oxidative stress and oxidative deficiency could lead to insulin resistance [50]. Also, increased plasma XOR activity has been reported in association with a single exercise session in patients with metabolic syndrome as compared to control subjects, suggesting the involvement of XOR in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome [51].…”

Impact of single anaerobic exercise on delayed activation of endothelial xanthine oxidase in men and women

“…Since XO activity increases with age [23] and in various disease states in adults and in children [24][25][26][27], in order to eliminate these factors, our study involved young healthy subjects at a similar age. According to our knowledge, our study is the first on this subject.…”