Xanthine oxidase activity and blood glutathione redox ratio in infants and children with septic shock syndrome

Németh, Ilona; Boda, D

doi:10.1007/s001340000791

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Increased xanthine oxidase activity has been reported in patients with sepsis or SIRS in both the adult [63] and pediatric [70,71] populations. Galley et al [63] found xanthine oxidase activation and increased free radical concentrations in septic patients compared with both healthy volunteers and noninfected patients.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress and Sepsismentioning

confidence: 97%

Immune cells: free radicals and antioxidants in sepsis

Víctor

Rocha

Fuente

2004

International Immunopharmacology

277

191

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Section: Oxidative Stress and Sepsismentioning

confidence: 97%

Immune cells: free radicals and antioxidants in sepsis

Víctor

Rocha

Fuente

2004

International Immunopharmacology

277

191

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“…In animal models, endotoxemia is known to lower GSH levels in the liver (Jaeschke, 1992;Payabvash et al, 2006) and in peritoneal macrophages and lymphocytes (Victor and De La Fuente, 2003). This occurs also in patients hospitalized for sepsis as lower blood GSH:GSSG ratios have been reported (Németh and Boda, 2001). Exogenous GSH suppressed LPS-induced systemic inflammatory response and reduced mortality (Sun et al, 2006).…”

Section: Endotoxemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of glutathione synthesis

Lu¹

2009

Molecular Aspects of Medicine

1,600

765

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Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous intracellular peptide with diverse functions that include detoxification, antioxidant defense, maintenance of thiol status, and modulation of cell proliferation. GSH is synthesized in the cytosol of all mammalian cells in a tightly regulated manner. The major determinants of GSH synthesis are the availability of cysteine, the sulfur amino acid precursor, and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). GCL is composed for a catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunit and they are regulated at multiple levels and at times differentially. The second enzyme of GSH synthesis, GSH synthase (GS) is also regulated in a coordinated manner as GCL subunits and its up-regulation can further enhance the capacity of the cell to synthesize GSH. Oxidative stress is well known to induce the expression of GSH synthetic enzymes. Key transcription factors identified thus far include Nrf2/Nrf1 via the antioxidant response element (ARE), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor κ B (NFκB). Dysregulation of GSH synthesis is increasingly being recognized as contributing to the pathogenesis of many pathological conditions. These include diabetes mellitus, pulmonary fibrosis, cholestatic liver injury, endotoxemia and drug-resistant tumor cells. Manipulation of the GSH synthetic capacity is an important target in the treatment of many of these disorders.

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“…If birth is marked by a period of ischemia followed by reoxygenation (e.g. asphyxia), ROS formation is further augmented through the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase pathway (1,2). In addition, preterm infants are frequently exposed to ventilation with high concentrations of oxygen, further adding up to this ROS formation (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Synthesis Rates in Early Postnatal Life

et al. 2010

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Preterm infants have diminished antioxidant defenses. Glutathione (GSH), the main intracellular antioxidant, increases upon amino acid (AA) administration in preterm infants, without an accompanying rise of the fractional synthesis rate of GSH (FSR GSH ) This study investigated the mechanism behind this increased GSH concentration by determining GSH synthesis in the first days after birth using stable isotope techniques in very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants receiving i.v. AAs. Advanced oxidized protein products (AOPPs) were determined to quantify oxidative stress. Eighteen infants (birth weight 989 Ϯ 241 g, gestational age of 27 6 / 7 Ϯ 1 4 / 7 weeks) were studied either on postnatal day 1 or 2 (7 or 31 h postnatally, respectively). Concentration of GSH increased with postnatal age (1.45 Ϯ 0.48 mM versus 1.99 Ϯ 0.40 mM, p ϭ 0.019). FSR GSH was not significantly different, but the absolute synthesis rate of GSH (ASR GSH ) tended to be higher in the infants studied on day 2 [8.1 Ϯ 2.7 mg/(kg ⅐ d) versus 10.6 Ϯ 2.4 mg/(kg ⅐ d), p ϭ 0.054]. AOPP concentrations were not different between groups. In conclusion, GSH concentration in VLBW infants increases significantly after birth. A concomitant increased synthesis rate was not found, suggesting that GSH consumption decreases upon AA administration. (Pediatr Res 67: 407-411, 2010)

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Xanthine oxidase activity and blood glutathione redox ratio in infants and children with septic shock syndrome

Abstract: Potent and simultaneous activation of the two redox systems strongly indicates a definite role of free radicals from XO in the overspill of the acute proinflammatory reaction of the shock syndrome, followed by a significant downregulation.

Cited by 47 publications

References 24 publications

Immune cells: free radicals and antioxidants in sepsis

Immune cells: free radicals and antioxidants in sepsis

Regulation of glutathione synthesis

Glutathione Synthesis Rates in Early Postnatal Life

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