Xanthine oxidase, a therapeutic target of realgar for non-small cell lung cancer

Guo, Rui; Gong, Xiaoyu; Li, Kongzhao; Qiu, Zhengqi; Yang, Lina; Wan, Yanbin; Yao, Xinhuang; Long, Canling; Xu, Jiqing; Li, Kang; Liu, Jingyan; Liu, Jia

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12666

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…As one of the energy sources, L‐glutamine is upregulated in this metabolic pathway, which may play an energy supply role in tumor formation. They all ultimately affect the expression of xanthine through a series of metabolic reactions, although there was no significant difference in this substance in this study, However, some studies 43,44 have shown that xanthine oxidase can be used as a therapeutic target for non‐small cell lung cancer, as shown in Figure 8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Lung proteomics combined with metabolomics reveals molecular characteristics of inflammation‐related lung tumorigenesis induced by B(a)P and LPS

Miao

et al. 2023

Environmental Toxicology

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Inflammatory microenvironment may take a promoting role in lung tumorigenesis. However, the molecular characteristics underlying inflammation‐related lung cancer remains unknown. In this work, the inflammation‐related lung tumorigenesis mouse model was established by treated with B(a)P (1 mg/mouse, once a week for 4 weeks), followed by LPS (2.5 μg/mouse, once every 3 weeks for five times), the mice were sacrificed 30 weeks after exposure. TMT‐labeled quantitative proteomics and untargeted metabolomics were used to interrogate differentially expressed proteins and metabolites in different mouse cancer tissues, followed by integrated crosstalk between proteomics and metabolomics through Spearman's correlation analysis. The result showed that compared with the control group, 103 proteins and 37 metabolites in B(a)P/LPS group were identified as significantly altered. By searching KEGG pathway database, proteomics pathways such as Leishmaniasis, Asthma and Intestinal immune network for IgA production, metabolomics pathways such as Vascular smooth muscle contraction, Linoleic acid metabolism and cGMP‐PKG signaling pathway were enriched. A total of 22 pathways were enriched after conjoint analysis of the proteomic and metabolomics, and purine metabolism pathway, the unique metabolism‐related pathway, which included significantly altered protein (adenylate cyclase 4, ADCY4) and metabolites (L‐Glutamine, guanosine monophosphate (GMP), adenosine and guanosine) was found. Results suggested purine metabolism may contribute to the inflammation‐related lung tumorigenesis, which may provide novel clues for the therapeutic strategies of inflammation‐related lung cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Lung proteomics combined with metabolomics reveals molecular characteristics of inflammation‐related lung tumorigenesis induced by B(a)P and LPS

Miao

et al. 2023

Environmental Toxicology

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“…The thymus is sensitive to damage caused by various endogenous and exogenous factors, and its capacity for self-repair decreases with age. Secondary and age-related forms of thymus dysfunction can lead to an increased risk of malignant neoplasms, the development of infectious and autoimmune diseases [12,20,22,34]. That is why some researchers are considering the possibility of introducing soluble factors that promote thymus regeneration [6], but to date no therapy has been approved for clinical use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lack of trace elements in the body or their excess causes various diseases. In connection with the ever-increasing pollution of the environment, salts of heavy metals constantly accumulate in living organisms, in particular, in the human body [19], in excess quantities, which leads to the development of various diseases [15,22,34,35]. The problem of monitoring heavy metal ions is one of the main ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thymus is the primary organ of hematopoiesis and immune protection, in which, under the influence of the microenvironment [13,22,23,33], antigen-independent proliferation and differentiation of Tlymphocytes occurs, which provides cellular immunity [11,13] and prevention of the development of autoimmune processes in organism [12,20]. In addition, the cells of the cortico-medullary zone of the thymus produce a number of hormones that regulate many functions in the body, under their influence various tumors can develop, including thymomas [34,35]. The thymus plays a central role in the production of lymphocytes and in ensuring the normal development of immunological ability [21], therefore the density of lymphocytes is one of the indicators of the functional state of the thymus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Density of lymphocytes in cortex and medulla substance of thymus particles of white rats in normal conditions and under influence of heavy metal salts during three months

Dobryanska,

Vatsyk,

Litvak

2024

Rep. of Morph.

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The consumption of clean water is the most relevant today, but natural water is delivered to our homes through plastic, iron and galvanized pipes. Metal ions, which are part of the pipe material, can get into drinking water and affect the human body, in particular the thymus. That is why the aim of the work was to determine the density of large, medium and small lymphocytes in the cortex and medulla of the thymus lobules of outbred white male rats of reproductive age when consuming small doses of heavy metal salts with water for three months. The study was conducted on 40 outbred white male rats of reproductive age, which were divided into 4 groups: 1 group – control animals that consumed distilled water; 2 group of animals that consumed aqueous solutions – CuSO4·5H2O at a dose of 0.247 mg/dm3; 3 group – aqueous solution of ZnSO4·7H2O at a dose of 1.505 mg/dm3; group 4 – aqueous solution of FeSO4·7H2O at a dose of 0.5 mg/dm3. Histological, electron microscopic and morphometric research methods were used to study the density of large, medium and small lymphocytes in different zones of the thymus lobules. It was found that in the control group of rats, the density of large lymphocytes is the highest in the subcapsular zone, and the lowest in the medulla. The density of medium lymphocytes is the lowest in the subcapsular zone. The density of small lymphocytes is the lowest in the medulla, and the highest in the cortico-medullary zone. When using CuSO4·5H2O salts with drinking water for three months, there were no significant changes in the density of lymphocytes compared to the control group, except for a slight decrease in the density of large lymphocytes in the cortex of the thymus lobules. The density of lymphocytes in the third group of animals that consumed zinc salts (ZnSO4·7H2O) with drinking water changes significantly: the density of large lymphocytes in the subcapsular zone decreases by 2.3 times, in the cortico-medullary zone it increases by 4.7 times, and in the medulla it increases by 2.7 times; the density of medium lymphocytes decreases in the subcapsular zone by 2 times; the density of small lymphocytes decreases by 1.5 times in the subcapsular zone, in the cortex and cortico-medullary zone – decreases by 1.2 times, and in the medulla by 1.1 times. When using FeSO4·7H2O salts with drinking water for three months, no special changes in the density of lymphocytes were noted: a decrease in the density of large lymphocytes in the subcapsular zone by 1.5 times and by 1.3 times in the cortex was observed; the density of medium lymphocytes decreases by 1.2 times in the cortex, and the density of small lymphocytes decreases by 1.2 times in the subcapsular zone and cortex, and increases by 1.2 times in the medulla, compared to the control group of animals. Ultrastructural changes in the structure of lymphocytes and reticuloepithelial cells were not detected when heavy metal salts were consumed with water. Thus, the study showed that the most toxic for the body are zinc salts (ZnSO4·7H2O), the consumption of which with drinking water in small doses for three months led to significant changes in the density of lymphocytes, compared to the control group experimental animals.

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Xanthine oxidase, a therapeutic target of realgar for non-small cell lung cancer

Cited by 2 publications

References 33 publications

Lung proteomics combined with metabolomics reveals molecular characteristics of inflammation‐related lung tumorigenesis induced by B(a)P and LPS

Lung proteomics combined with metabolomics reveals molecular characteristics of inflammation‐related lung tumorigenesis induced by B(a)P and LPS

Density of lymphocytes in cortex and medulla substance of thymus particles of white rats in normal conditions and under influence of heavy metal salts during three months

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