Xanthine dehydrogenase: An old enzyme with new knowledge and prospects

Wang, Chenghua; Zhang, Chong; Xing, Xin‐Hui

doi:10.1080/21655979.2016.1206168

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Comparison of the milk proteins associated with EVs versus MFGs, using a similar approach, could help define whether milk EVs derive from MFGs upon processing or if they are indeed secreted during lactation. Several of these proteins are well-known for their immunity modulating properties [52] and their implication in health and disease management, such as ulcerative colitis for MFGE8 [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of protein markers for extracellular vesicle (EV) subsets in cow's milk

Benmoussa

Gotti²,

Bourassa³

et al. 2019

Journal of Proteomics

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), like exosomes, are small membrane vesicles involved in cell-to-cell communications that modulate numerous biological processes. We previously discovered a new EV subset in milk (sedimenting at 35,000 g; 35 K) that protected its cargo (RNAs and proteins) during simulated digestion and was more enriched in microRNAs than exosomes (sedimenting at 100 K). Here, we used LC-MS/MS to push further the comparison between these two pellets. Commonly used EV markers were not differentially enriched between the pellets, questioning their use with cow's milk EVs. Similarly, the majority of the quantified proteins were equally enriched between the two pellets. Nevertheless, 20 proteins were specific to 35 K, while 41 were specifically enriched in 100 K (p< 0.05), suggesting their potential use as specific markers. Loaded with these proteins, the EVs in these pellets might regulate translation, proliferation and cell survival for 35 K, and metabolism, extracellular matrix turnover and immunity for 100 K. This approach also brought new insights into milk EV-associated integrins and their possible role in specifically targeting recipient cell types. These findings may help better discriminate between milk EVs, improve our understanding of milk EV-associated protein function and their possible use as therapeutic tools for the management of immunity- and metabolism-associated disorders. WEB PAGE: http://www.crchuq.ca/en/research/researchers/4691.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of protein markers for extracellular vesicle (EV) subsets in cow's milk

Benmoussa

Gotti²,

Bourassa³

et al. 2019

Journal of Proteomics

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“…Although a decrease in temperature results in a change to the Na + potential across MDEG [27], it remains unknown whether DEG/ENaCs are directly involved in the process of sensing temperature. Xanthine dehydrogenases (XDHs) are widely distributed in all eukaryotic organisms and bacteria, and are predicted to play important roles such as in purine catabolism [28]. In mammals, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is present as two interconvertible forms: XDH and xanthine oxidase (XO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanoreceptor DEG‐1 regulates cold tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans

et al. 2020

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Caenorhabditis elegans mechanoreceptors located in ASG sensory neurons have been found to sense ambient temperature, which is a key trait for animal survival. Here, we show that experimental loss of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH‐1) function in AIN and AVJ interneurons results in reduced cold tolerance and atypical neuronal response to changes in temperature. These interneurons connect with upstream neurons such as the mechanoreceptor‐expressing ASG. Ca2+ imaging revealed that ASG neurons respond to warm temperature via the mechanoreceptor DEG‐1, a degenerin/epithelial Na+ channel (DEG/ENaC), which in turn affects downstream AIN and AVJ circuits. Ectopic expression of DEG‐1 in the ASE gustatory neuron results in the acquisition of warm sensitivity, while electrophysiological analysis revealed that DEG‐1 and human MDEG1 were involved in warm sensation. Taken together, these results suggest that cold tolerance is regulated by mechanoreceptor‐mediated circuit calculation.

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“…Previous studies report that osteosis has a relation with metabolism. Davis xanthine to uric acid [24]. The decrease of XDH expression leads to the accumulation of hypoxanthine and the decrease of uric acid.…”

Section: Potential Biomarker and Related Pathway Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the molecular mechanism and diagnostic biomarkers in the thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum using metabolomics and transcriptomics

Guo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To establish a metabolite fingerprint of ossification of the thoracic ligamentum flavum (OTLF) patients using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in combination with transcriptomic data and explore the potential molecular mechanism of pathogenesis. Results: The study cohort was composed of 25 patients with OTLF and 23 healthy volunteers as a control group. 37 metabolites were identified out by UPLC-MS including uric acid and hypoxanthine. 9 metabolites, including uric acid and hypoxanthine, were found with a Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) score over 1 (p<0.05). Pathway enrichment indicated that purine metabolism pathways and the other four metabolism pathways were enriched. Transcriptomic data revealed that purine metabolism have a substantial change in gene expression of OTLF and that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is the key regulatory factor. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that 17 metabolites, including uric acid, were found with an AUC value of over 0.7. Conclusion: Uric acid might be the potential biomarker for OTLF and play an important role within the detailed pathway. XDH could affect purine metabolism by suppressing the expression of hypoxanthine and xanthine leading to low serum levels of uric acid in OTLF, which could be a focal point in developing new therapeutic methods for OTLF.

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Xanthine dehydrogenase: An old enzyme with new knowledge and prospects

Cited by 58 publications

References 34 publications

Identification of protein markers for extracellular vesicle (EV) subsets in cow's milk

Identification of protein markers for extracellular vesicle (EV) subsets in cow's milk

The mechanoreceptor DEG‐1 regulates cold tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans

Identification of the molecular mechanism and diagnostic biomarkers in the thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum using metabolomics and transcriptomics

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