Xanthelasma palpebrarum: a marker of premature atherosclerosis (risk of atherosclerosis in xanthelasma)

Pandhi, Deepika; Gupta, Pooja; Singal, Archana; Tondon, Anupama; Sharma, SumanBala; Madhu, Sri Venkata

doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2011-130443

Cited by 44 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In a Danish prospective study (The Copenhagen City Heart Study) comprising almost 13 000 subjects followed up for more than 20 years, the presence of xanthelasma was associated with a significantly increased risk of myocardial infarction (by 48%), ischemic heart disease (by 38%), and ischemic disease of the lower extremities (by 70%), even after adjustment for some covariates, such as age, sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypolipidemic treatment, and postmenopausal status 31 . Another study confirmed a significant association of xanthelasma with the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, recently assumed to be independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease 38 and with increased intima-media thickness 39 . Tendinous and tuberous xanthomas can signalise familial hypercholesterolemia and consequently the cardiovascular risk associated with elevated plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol.…”

Section: Prognostic Significance Of Xanthomasmentioning

confidence: 50%

Xanthomas: Clinical and pathophysiological relations

A¹,

Zeman²,

Slabý³

et al. 2014

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

153

117

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Section: Prognostic Significance Of Xanthomasmentioning

confidence: 50%

Xanthomas: Clinical and pathophysiological relations

A¹,

Zeman²,

Slabý³

et al. 2014

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

153

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…19 Unlike most studies, however, the mean LDL (120.3±43.6 mg/dl) level in our patients was not statistically different compared to the mean LDL (110.6± 26.7 mg/dl) level inthecontrol group. 3,8,11,20-22 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum lipid profile and clinical characteristics of patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum

Kavoussi

Ebrahimi

Rezaei

et al. 2016

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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BackgroundAlthough many factors are involved in the etiology of xanthelasma palpebrum, lipid disorder is strongly associated with its induction. Xanthelasma palpebrum, the most common type of xanthoma, usually presents in middle-aged females and results in aesthetic problems.ObjectiveTo evaluate thelipid profile and important clinical aspects of xanthelasma palpebrum patients.MethodsIn this descriptive study, we enrolled 42xanthelasma palpebrumpatients, and 42 cases of non-inflammatory skin disorders as thecontrol group, matched for age and gender.The clinical characteristics of the patients and fasting serum lipid profile were recorded for both groups. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS-16.ResultsXanthelasma palpebrum was found more commonly in middle-aged females with disease onset of less than 1 year, and without significant familial history of xanthoma. Furthermore,xanthelasma lesionswere most often seen in the upper lid with mild extension and was rarely associated with systemic disease. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding hypertriglyceridemia (p= 0.231) and hypercholesterolemia (p= 0.302). The mean serum levels of cholesterol (221.51±60.4 mg/dl), triglyceride (185.98±71.1 mg/dl) and VLDL (37.7±17.6 mg/dl) were significantly higher and themedian HDL (36.2 (31, 41) mg/dl) level was lower in thepatient group.ConclusionIn our study, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia did not reveal a significant difference between thepatient and control groups; however, mean serum values for cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL and HDL showed a significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, in addition to lipid abnormality, other factors could be involved in the pathogenesis of xanthelasma palpebrum.

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“…In another series, 7% of patients with xanthelasma had coronary artery disease [21]. Xanthelasma has been studied as a marker of premature atherosclerosis by discovering ultrasonographic thickening of the carotid intima [22]. Defects in lipoproteins, apolipoproteins (proteins that bind lipids and transport them through the lymphatic and circulatory systems), apoenzymes, and vascular permeability in the face of normal serum lipid levels are other possible contributing mechanisms for the genesis of xanthelasma [23-25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Extracellular Cholesterol Crystals or a Cholesterol Granuloma in Xanthelasma

Wolkow

Sutula

et al. 2018

Ocul Oncol Pathol

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Background/Aims: Xanthelasma is an unreliable indicator of systemic hyperlipidemia. A review in search of unusual histopathologic features of cellular composition that might correlate with systemic hyperlipidemia was conducted. Methods: An observational case series of 3 cases was performed. Slides were stained and analyzed with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, and periodic acid-Schiff as well as for iron. Three lesions displayed an atypical morphologic finding and were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for CD3, CD20, CD68, CD163, S100, and adipophilin. Results: The three lesions comprised in this study had classical xanthoma cells with densely packed fine vacuoles. The xanthoma cells were CD68, CD163, and adipophilin positive and S100 negative. In case 1, extracellular, nonpolarizing cholesterol crystalloids displayed totally negative staining for all biomarkers. In cases 2 and 3, the cholesterol granulomas were surrounded and permeated by CD68- or CD163-positive epithelioid and giant cells and by CD3-positive T lymphocytes. The 3 cases each harbored squamous cysts. Conclusion: In case 1, the uninflamed extracellular cholesterol crystalloids were associated with severely dysregulated systemic hyperlipidemia. In cases 2 and 3, the cholesterol granulomas were interpreted as a local manifestation of a cyst that might have partially ruptured and did not portend serious hyperlipidemia.

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Xanthelasma palpebrarum: a marker of premature atherosclerosis (risk of atherosclerosis in xanthelasma)

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

Xanthomas: Clinical and pathophysiological relations

Xanthomas: Clinical and pathophysiological relations

Serum lipid profile and clinical characteristics of patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum

The Significance of Extracellular Cholesterol Crystals or a Cholesterol Granuloma in Xanthelasma

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