“…The phosphite nucleophile and imine electrophile in this reaction created an NÀ CÀ P bond. Previously reported methods of this recognized Kabachnik-Fields reaction involves a variety of catalysts such as HfCl 2 , [23] NbCl 5 , [24] TiO 2 , [25] ceric ammonium nitrate, [26] phosphomolybdic acid, [27] aqueous formic acid, [28] CeCl 3 • 7H 2 O, [29] zinc di(L-prolinate), [30] SbCl 3 /Al 2 O 3 , [31] BF 3 • OEt 2 , [32] gold complex, [33] nano-magnetic sulfated zirconia (Fe 3 O 4 @ZrO 2 /SO 4 2À ), [34] dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTP/SiO 2 ), [35] dehydroascorbic acid capped magnetite (DHAA-Fe 3 O 4 ), [36] sulfated polyborate, [37] propylphos-phonic anhydride(T3P), [38] xan-than sulfuric acid, [39] oxalic acid, [40] Yttria-zirconia, [41] MgFe 2 O 4, [42] hydrophobic γ-Fe 2 O 3 -Cu-complex, [43] Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -2mimSO 3 H. [44] In addition various solvents like, DMSO, DMF, THF, CH 3 CN, EtOH, CH 3 Cl, MeCN were also used in this type of protocol. The earlier approach for making α-amino phosphonates had a number of challenges such as low yields, hard reaction conditions, prolonged reaction periods, high reaction temperatures, use of toxic catalyst and hazardous solvent.…”