Xanthan Gum Capped ZnO Microstars as a Promising Dietary Zinc Supplementation

Abstract

Zinc is one of the essential trace elements, and plays an important role in human health. Severe zinc deficiency can negatively affect organs such as the epidermal, immune, central nervous, gastrointestinal, skeletal, and reproductive systems. In this study, we offered a novel biocompatible xanthan gum capped zinc oxide (ZnO) microstar as a potential dietary zinc supplementation for food fortification. Xanthan gum (XG) is a commercially important extracellular polysaccharide that is widely used in diverse fields such as the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, due to its nontoxic and biocompatible properties. In this work, for the first time, we reported a green procedure for the synthesis of ZnO microstars using XG, as the stabilizing agent, without using any synthetic or toxic reagent. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the structure, morphology, and size of the synthesized ZnO structures. The results showed that the synthesized structures were both hexagonal phase and starlike, with an average particle size of 358 nm. The effect of different dosages of XG-capped ZnO nanoparticles (1–9 mM) against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus sphaericus) bacteria were also investigated. Based on the results, the fabricated XG-capped ZnO microstars showed a high level of biocompatibility with no antimicrobial effect against the tested microorganisms. The data suggested the potential of newly produced ZnO microstructures for a range of applications in dietary supplementation and food fortification.

Nutritional characteristics of marine fish Sardinella zunasi Bleeker and immunostimulatory activities of its glycoprotein

“…2, most of the absorption bands could be assigned according to data obtained in previous studies. [50][51][52][53] The broad stretching intense peak at 3356 cm À1 indicated the presence of hydroxyl and amino groups, 54 the 2927 cm À1 region corresponded to the C-H stretching vibration. The band at 1649 cm À1 was the C]O stretching vibration of amide group.…”

Gelation and microstructural properties of a millet‐based yogurt‐like product using polymerized whey protein and xanthan gum as thickening agents

“…that has excellent stability in high temperature and acidic systems (Kumar, Rao, & Han, 2017; Pongsawatmanit, Chantaro, & Nishinari, 2013). It has been widely used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to its strong pseudoplasticity and tolerance of a high ionic strength (Carnali, 1991; Ebrahiminezhad et al., 2019). Besides its excellent physical properties, XG is used a thickening agent in most plant beverages (Piorkowski & Mcclements, 2014).…”

Green and Economic Fabrication of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanorods as a Broadband UV Blocker and Antimicrobial Agent

“…The two intense peaks at 1510.81 cm −1 and 1391 cm −1 are indicative of nitro groups. The peak located at 567.34 cm −1 is the characteristic peak for ZnO, which corresponds to the stretching mode of the Zn-O bond [5].…”

“…The shape, size, and morphology of ZnO nanostructures are largely attributable to the method of production and the presence of controlling agents that are used during the synthesis procedure. To date, ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully fabricated in a vast range of shapes and sizes such as microstars [5], microrods [6], micro-octahedrons [7], microflowers [8], nanowires [9], nanorods [2,[10][11][12][13][14], nanosheets [15,16], nanobelts [17,18], nanorings, nanosprings, nanocombs, nanosaws, and nanopropellers [15]. Different methods have been frequently used for the synthesis of such nanoparticles, and these include the sol-gel technique [11,19], microemulsion synthesis [20], mechanochemical processing [21], sonochemical synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis [14,22,23], vapour transport process [24], spray pyrolysis, spray drying [9], supercritical water processing [25], thermal decomposition of organic precursors [26,27], radio frequency (RF) plasma synthesis [28], direct and homogenous precipitation [7,29], self-assembling [30], hydrothermal processing [8,31], and precipitation [5,32].…”