Xanthan Gum-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Respiratory Diseases

Virmani, Tarun; Kumar, Girish; Virmani, Reshu; Sharma, Ashwani; Pathak, Kamla

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-7656-8_16

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Although scarce or insoluble pharmaceuticals are released because of matrix erosion, soluble medicines are released from this biopolymer primarily by diffusion. 75 4.9. Liposomes.…”

Section: Poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of Polymeric Nanodrugs as Drug Carriers

Sairam,

Sanmugam,

Pushparaj

et al. 2023

ACS Chem. Health Saf.

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The ambiguity of certain diseases and the potential toxicity of many medications have sparked demand for the incorporation and enhancement of drug delivery systems (DDSs). Nanomedicine has received renewed attention in modern medical advancements with therapeutic uses. Therefore, the development of nanomedicines for enhanced bioaccessibility, long drug administration, and dose reduction has advanced as a unique concept. Nanocapsules, nanoemulsions, drug nanocrystals, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and polymeric nanoparticles (poly-NPs) are among the most effective nanomedicine techniques. Poly-NPs have emerged as a potential method to enhance drug pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceutical potency can be increased by using nanocarriers and medication formulations. The potential of poly-NPs to alter contemporary medicine has attracted significant interest; polymer adaptability makes them suitable for site-specific drug delivery requirements. However, little is known about their safety in long-term studies using high-pitched doses. These cells exhibit some extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) because of the reactivity and size reduction of the polymers chosen by using living cells other than the target. With an increased understanding of polymers and their properties, it is equally important to emphasize the safety and toxicity of DDSs. Some of the toxic effects of polymeric nanodrugs include an increase in the cytotoxicity of the cell, reduction in the feasibility of the cell, increase in the rate of programmed cell death (apoptosis), precursors for tumor formation, DNA destruction, gene toxicity, rupture of the cell membrane, and lipid peroxidation reactions. In this article, we discuss the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) used in DDSs, including polylactide-co-glycolide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, and poly(alkyl cyanoacrylates), used in DDSs.

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“…Although scarce or insoluble pharmaceuticals are released because of matrix erosion, soluble medicines are released from this biopolymer primarily by diffusion. 75 4.9. Liposomes.…”

Section: Poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to delaying drug release, xanthan gum has the added benefits of compatibility and inertness and can offer time-independent release kinetics. Although scarce or insoluble pharmaceuticals are released because of matrix erosion, soluble medicines are released from this biopolymer primarily by diffusion …”

Section: Classification Of Biodegradable Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Polymeric Nanodrugs as Drug Carriers

Sairam,

Sanmugam,

Pushparaj

et al. 2023

ACS Chem. Health Saf.

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“…PNPs are composed of natural and synthetic polymers [53]. Albumin, collagen, chitosan, hemoglobin, and alginate are examples of natural polymers; however, they are not frequently used due to their high cost or low purity [54].…”

Section: Polymeric Nanoparticles (Pnps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are made up of either solid lipids or a combination of lipids and surfactants [64]. They may also contain an aqueous phase, surface modifiers, co-surfactants, stealthing agents, and cryoprotective chemicals [65].…”

Section: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (Slns)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocarriers in Tuberculosis Treatment: Challenges and Delivery Strategies

Kumar,

Virmani,

Kumar

et al. 2023

Pharmaceuticals

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The World Health Organization identifies tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as a leading infectious killer. Although conventional treatments for TB exist, they come with challenges such as a heavy pill regimen, prolonged treatment duration, and a strict schedule, leading to multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. The rise of MDR strains endangers future TB control. Despite these concerns, the hunt for an efficient treatment continues. One breakthrough has been the use of nanotechnology in medicines, presenting a novel approach for TB treatment. Nanocarriers, such as lipid nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, liposomes, and polymeric micelles, facilitate targeted delivery of anti-TB drugs. The benefits of nanocarriers include reduced drug doses, fewer side effects, improved drug solubility, better bioavailability, and improved patient compliance, speeding up recovery. Additionally, nanocarriers can be made even more targeted by linking them with ligands such as mannose or hyaluronic acid. This review explores these innovative TB treatments, including studies on nanocarriers containing anti-TB drugs and related patents.

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“…Natural polymers have received a great deal of attention for the fabrication of PNPs for the delivery of anticancer drugs due to their possession of numerous characteristics: higher biocompatibility, biodegradability, interactions with biomolecules, controlled enzyme degradation, low immunogenicity, ease of surface modification, and economics [22,23]. Amongst these natural polymers, chitosan has received the courtesy of researchers as a drug delivery system to deliver chemotherapeutic agents due to distinct characteristics like great drug loading capability, sustained circulation capacity, multifunctionality, drug release at cancerous sites in an efficient manner, removal of cytotoxicity to non-cancerous cells, auspicious targeting, and permeability of cell membranes owing to the presence of a primary amine group in their chemical structure [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration of Cancer Employing Chitosan, Its Derivatives, and Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles: Recent Updates

et al. 2023

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The limitations associated with the conventional treatment of cancer have necessitated the design and development of novel drug delivery systems based mainly on nanotechnology. These novel drug delivery systems include various kinds of nanoparticles, such as polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, hydrogels, and polymeric micelles. Among the various kinds of novel drug delivery systems, chitosan-based nanoparticles have attracted the attention of researchers to treat cancer. Chitosan is a polycationic polymer generated from chitin with various characteristics such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and mucoadhesiveness, making it an ideal polymer to fabricate drug delivery systems. However, chitosan is poorly soluble in water and soluble in acidic aqueous solutions. Furthermore, owing to the presence of reactive amino groups, chitosan can be chemically modified to improve its physiochemical properties. Chitosan and its modified derivatives can be employed to fabricate nanoparticles, which are used most frequently in the pharmaceutical sector due to their possession of various characteristics such as nanosize, appropriate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, non-immunogenicity, improved stability, and improved drug loading capacity. Furthermore, it is capable of delivering nucleic acids, chemotherapeutic medicines, and bioactives using modified chitosan. Chitosan and its modified derivative-based nanoparticles can be targeted to specific cancer sites via active and passive mechanisms. Based on chitosan drug delivery systems, many anticancer drugs now have better effectiveness, potency, cytotoxicity, or biocompatibility. The characteristics of chitosan and its chemically tailored derivatives, as well as their use in cancer therapy, will be examined in this review.

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Xanthan Gum-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Respiratory Diseases

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Toxicity of Polymeric Nanodrugs as Drug Carriers

Toxicity of Polymeric Nanodrugs as Drug Carriers

Nanocarriers in Tuberculosis Treatment: Challenges and Delivery Strategies

Amelioration of Cancer Employing Chitosan, Its Derivatives, and Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles: Recent Updates

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