XANES in Nanobiology

Metzler, Rebecca A.; Olabisi, Ronke M.; Abrecht, Mike; Ariosa, D.; Johnson, Christopher; Gilbert, Benjamin; Frazer, B. H.; Coppersmith, S. N.; Gilbert, Benjamin

doi:10.1063/1.2644429

Cited by 16 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Columnar nacre, found mainly in gastropods and common in ectocochleate cephalopods, consists of aragonitic platelets of a rather uniform size. The diameter of the platelets ranges 5–15 µm and the width is about 0.5 µm . These are separated by approximately 30 nm thick organic sheets that are primarily composed of β‐chitin and proteins .…”

Section: Growth and Form Of Molluscan Shell Ultrastructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Aspects of Molluscan Shell Ultrastructural Morphogenesis

Zlotnikov

Schoeppler

2017

Adv Funct Materials

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Over the years, molluscan shells have become an exemplar model system to study the process of mineral formation by living organisms, the process of biomineralization. Typically, the shells consist of a number of mineralized ultrastructural motifs, each exhibiting a specific mineral-organic composite architecture. These are made of calcium carbonate building blocks having a well-defined three-dimensional morphology that is significantly different from the shape of inorganically formed counterparts. Shell ultrastructures are known to form via a biologically controlled extracellular mineralization pathway in which the organism has no direct control over mineral formation. The cellular tissue, responsible for shell biomineralization, forms an organic framework and sets-up the physical conditions necessary for the deposition of a specific morphology, whereas the growth of the mineral part of the shell proceeds spontaneously via the process of self-assembly. In this feature article, the ability to employ thermodynamic models from classical materials science to describe the process of self-assembly and structural evolution of a variety of shell architectures is reviewed. Having the potential to offer an analytical framework to express ultrastructure formation in time and in space, these models not only provide a deeper insight into shell biomineralization, but also suggest tools for novel composite materials design.

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Section: Growth and Form Of Molluscan Shell Ultrastructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Aspects of Molluscan Shell Ultrastructural Morphogenesis

Zlotnikov

Schoeppler

2017

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Such approach is also viable for discerning the interactions between structure and cracks in 3D space, thereby illuminating the toughening mechanisms generated from anisotropic designs. Additionally, the anisotropy in crystalline orientation in biominerals, e.g., in nacre, can be detected using electron backscatter diffraction and polarization‐dependent imaging contrast mapping techniques . The identification of chemically related nanostructures of biological materials, e.g., tooth enamel, dentin, and bone, is further enabled by atom probe tomography …”

Section: Characterization Of Structural Orientation and Anisotropymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Orientation and Anisotropy in Biological Materials: Functional Designs and Mechanics

Liu

Zhang

Ritchie

2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Biological materials exhibit anisotropic characteristics because of the anisometric nature of their constituents and their preferred alignment within interfacial matrices. The regulation of structural orientations is the basis for material designs in nature and may offer inspiration for man‐made materials. Here, how structural orientation and anisotropy are designed into biological materials to achieve diverse functionalities is revisited. The orientation dependencies of differing mechanical properties are introduced based on a 2D composite model with wood and bone as examples; as such, anisotropic architectures and their roles in property optimization in biological systems are elucidated. Biological structural orientations are designed to achieve extrinsic toughening via complicated cracking paths, robust and releasable adhesion from anisotropic contact, programmable dynamic response by controlled expansion, enhanced contact damage resistance from varying orientations, and simultaneous optimization of multiple properties by adaptive structural reorientation. The underlying mechanics and material‐design principles that could be reproduced in man‐made systems are highlighted. Finally, the potential and challenges in developing a better understanding to implement such natural designs of structural orientation and anisotropy are discussed in light of current advances. The translation of these biological design principles can promote the creation of new synthetic materials with unprecedented properties and functionalities.

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“…In P. fucata and other bivalve shells, the bulk of the nacreous aragonite crystals are organized such that their optic c ‐axes are perpendicular to the aragonite tablets forming the shell surface, with their optic a ‐ and b ‐axes aligned within a layer, but with smooth variations from layer to layer . In gastropods the c ‐axis is also perpendicular to the tablets but the a ‐ and b ‐axes are aligned only within a column, and differing from column to column . Nautilus pompilius is the only cephalopod known to have nacre , and its structure is believed to be columnar, similar to gastropod .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser imaging polarimetry of nacre

Jones

Metzler

D'Addario

et al. 2018

Journal of Biophotonics

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Nacre is a complex biomaterial made of aragonite-tablet bricks and organic mortar that is considerably resilient against breakage. Nacre has been studied with a wide range of laboratory techniques, leading to understanding key fundamentals and informing the creation of bio-inspired materials. In this article, we present an optical polarimetric technique to investigate nacre, taking advantage of the translucence and birefringence of its microcomponents. We focus our study on 3 classes of mollusks that have nacreous shells: bivalve (Pinctada fucata), gastropod (Haliotis asinina and Haliotis rufescens) and cephalopod (Nautilus pompilius). We sent polarized light from a laser through thin samples of nacre and did imaging polarimetry of the transmitted light. We observed clear distinctions between the structures of bivalve and gastropod, due to the spatial variation of their birefringence. The patterns for cephalopod were more similar to bivalve than gastropod. Bleaching of the samples disrupted the transmitted light. Subsequent refilling of the bivalve and gastropod nacre samples with oil produced optical patterns similar to those of unbleached samples. In cephalopod samples, we found that bleaching produced irreversible changes in the optical pattern.

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XANES in Nanobiology

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Thermodynamic Aspects of Molluscan Shell Ultrastructural Morphogenesis

Thermodynamic Aspects of Molluscan Shell Ultrastructural Morphogenesis

Structural Orientation and Anisotropy in Biological Materials: Functional Designs and Mechanics

Laser imaging polarimetry of nacre

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