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Orosa, M.; Valero, Jordi Feo; Herrero, Concepción; Abalde, Julio

doi:10.1023/a:1010510508384

Cited by 115 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Microalgae represent a source with the most potential for natural astaxanthin production and have therefore been subjected to thorough investigations in terms of strain screening, culture medium optimization, stress induction, cultivation strategy, modification and genetic improvements for astaxanthin production [6,7,12,13,63,64,65,66,67,68,69]. The ability of H. pluvialis to accumulate astaxanthin up to 4% of its dry biomass, the highest known content in nature, has led researchers to focus on H. pluvialis for commercial astaxanthin production [63].…”

Section: Sources Of Astaxanthinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, extremely high light illumination is required for astaxanthin induction and accumulation in this alga thus hindering its commercial application [70,72]. The green alga Chlorella zofingiensis has recently been regarded as a potential alternative host for mass production of astaxanthin due to its fast growth, low sensitivity to contamination and unfavorable environments, and astaxanthin accumulation under heterotrophic conditions with glucose as the sole carbon and energy source [7,11,12,13,66]. …”

Section: Sources Of Astaxanthinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been well studied in H. pluvialis that a high light intensity stimulates significantly enhanced astaxanthin accumulation [63,102,110]. Similar to H. pluvialis , C. zofingiensis is induced by high light to accumulate astaxanthin [11,65,66,83]. Considering that C. zofingiensis is capable of producing astaxanthin in the dark but at much lower rates [12,13], light is not necessary for triggering astaxanthin biosynthesis but for enhancing astaxanthin accumulation.…”

Section: Chlorella Zofingiensis As a Potential Producer Of Astaxanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The underlying mechanism is that high light irradiation produces excess photooxidation that could cause the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), superoxide anion (O 2 − ), and hydroxyl radical (·OH); the antioxidative carotenoids and astaxanthin in particular are produced to protect the algal cells against oxidative damages of the ROS. Note that in most studies, high light is not deployed alone but accompanied by nitrogen limitation/starvation to induce carotenogenesis for astaxanthin accumulation [11,65,66]. These stress conditions, however, cause a severe reduction in algal growth and thus a reduction in the final astaxanthin yield of C. zofingiensis .…”

Section: Chlorella Zofingiensis As a Potential Producer Of Astaxanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As illustrated by Figure 10B, in a perfusion culture system, the algal cells are retained by a retention device, whereas the spent medium (cell-free) is removed from the fermenter, with the simultaneous feeding of fresh medium to maintain sufficient nutrient supply. Though the intracellular astaxanthin content is significantly lower than that of photoautotrophic growth, heterotrophic growth offers much higher cell density and biomass productivity, thus giving rise to greater astaxanthin yield and astaxanthin productivity as well [7,13,66]. …”

Section: Chlorella Zofingiensis As a Potential Producer Of Astaxanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlorella zofingiensis as an Alternative Microalgal Producer of Astaxanthin: Biology and Industrial Potential

et al. 2014

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Astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione), a high-value ketocarotenoid with a broad range of applications in food, feed, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries, has been gaining great attention from science and the public in recent years. The green microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella zofingiensis represent the most promising producers of natural astaxanthin. Although H. pluvialis possesses the highest intracellular astaxanthin content and is now believed to be a good producer of astaxanthin, it has intrinsic shortcomings such as slow growth rate, low biomass yield, and a high light requirement. In contrast, C. zofingiensis grows fast phototrophically, heterotrophically and mixtrophically, is easy to be cultured and scaled up both indoors and outdoors, and can achieve ultrahigh cell densities. These robust biotechnological traits provide C. zofingiensis with high potential to be a better organism than H. pluvialis for mass astaxanthin production. This review aims to provide an overview of the biology and industrial potential of C. zofingiensis as an alternative astaxanthin producer. The path forward for further expansion of the astaxanthin production from C. zofingiensis with respect to both challenges and opportunities is also discussed.

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