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Anderson, Elizabeth

doi:10.1023/a:1009477906883

Cited by 58 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The mothers in surrogacy families showed less negative parenting and reported greater acceptance of their adolescent children and fewer problems in family relationships as a whole. These findings are unexpected, given that surrogacy is considered to be the most controversial form of reproductive donation and has been assumed to carry the greatest psychological risks; not only are the children relinquished by the woman who gave birth to them but also negative societal attitudes toward surrogacy prevail (Anderson, 2000;Brazier, Campbell, & Golombok, 1998). However, surrogacy is a complex process that requires a trusting relationship between the intended parents and the surrogate, and the majority of couples who become parents in this way maintain contact with the surrogate as the child grows up (Jadva, Blake, Casey, & Golombok, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal study of families formed through reproductive donation: Parent-adolescent relationships and adolescent adjustment at age 14.

Golombok¹,

Ilioi²,

Blake³

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychology

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The aim of the 6th phase of this longitudinal study was to establish whether children born through assisted reproduction involving reproductive donation were at risk for psychological problems following the transition to adolescence at age 14 and, if so, to examine the nature of these problems and the mechanisms involved. Eighty-seven families formed through reproductive donation, including 32 donor insemination families, 27 egg donation families, and 28 surrogacy families, were compared with 54 natural conception families. Standardized interviews, questionnaires, and observational assessments of the quality of parent-adolescent relationships and adolescent adjustment were administered to mothers, adolescents, and teachers. The mothers in surrogacy families showed less negative parenting and reported greater acceptance of their adolescent children and fewer problems in family relationships as a whole compared with gamete donation mothers. In addition, less positive relationships were found between mothers and adolescents in egg donation families than in donor insemination families as rated by both mothers and adolescents. There were no differences between family types for the adolescents themselves in terms of adjustment problems, psychological well-being, and self-esteem. Longitudinal analyses showed no differences between family types in negative parenting from age 7 to age 14, and a weaker association between negative parenting and adjustment difficulties for gamete donation than natural conception and surrogacy families. The findings suggest that the absence of a genetic link between mothers and their children is associated with less positive mother-adolescent relationships whereas the absence of a gestational link does not have an adverse effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal study of families formed through reproductive donation: Parent-adolescent relationships and adolescent adjustment at age 14.

Golombok¹,

Ilioi²,

Blake³

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychology

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“…Another reason for which surrogacy is criticised is that it commodifies women and children (Anderson, 2000). Their abuse goes far beyond inequitable payment to the surrogates into women being forced into C-sections, complications during pregnancy and sometimes even amounting to death (Dhillon, 2012).…”

Section: Insight Into Different Facets Of Surrogacy In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Right to be a Surrogate: Biological, Constitutional and Economic Perspectives

Borah¹,

Hazarika²,

Kalita

2020

SACI

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For the survival of all forms of life, procreation is essential. However, natural procreation is not always scientifically possible. As such, the practice of surrogacy and the use of Assisted Reproductive Techniques have become more widely recognised and accepted in societies all over the world. However, various complex and controversial issues are bounded in such practices. The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019 introduced by Government of India makes an attempt to eradicate some of those issues associated with surrogacy. Nevertheless, the legislation seems to be in derogation to the Constitution of India and universal human rights. This study is designed to substantiate in detail the right to be a surrogate in light of the constitutional mandate along with an evaluation of the eligibility criteria to be a surrogate and its consequences with regard to the existing legal framework. Besides, the economic perspective of exploitation of surrogates via banning of commercial surrogacy has been briefly discussed. The discussion under this study is expected to put forward an essential perspective to the right to be a surrogate in relation to a woman’s right to life and personal liberty. Further, prohibiting commercial surrogacy may push practicing surrogates towards other economically unrewarding, poorly regulated and potentially hazardous forms of employment or even make them subject to human trafficking. Therefore, recognition of the right to be a surrogate vis-à-vis the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019, would help in avoiding blatant miscarriage of universal justice while upholding the supremacy of the Constitution of India.

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“…Altruistic surrogacy may be described as involving a freely offered ‘gift of life’, an expression of generosity and beneficence as well as a sense of purpose. Although doubts can be raised about the authenticity of such motivation ( Ragoné, 1994 , Raymond, 1990 ), about whether the surrogate can ever be duly informed ( Dodds and Jones, 1990 ), and about whether the expectations involved in the gift relationship are fully realistic in the case of surrogate motherhood ( van Zyl and Walker, 2013 ), these doubts do not carry the same weight as arguments that commercial surrogacy risks treating children as commodities and women as objects of exploitation ( Anderson, 2000 , Osberg and Sherwin, 2006 , Rotabi and Bromfield, 2012 , Wilkinson, 2003 ). Although altruistic surrogacy is by no means universally accepted, the most damning moral criticisms of surrogacy have been levelled against the commercial variety, which many commentators have therefore considered more controversial than altruistic surrogacy ( Þorsteinsdóttir et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: The Proposal’s Stance On Ethical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legalizing altruistic surrogacy in response to evasive travel? An Icelandic proposal

Kristinsson¹

2016

Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online

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Surrogate motherhood has been prohibited by Icelandic law since 1996, but in recent years, Icelandic couples have sought transnational surrogacy in India and the United States despite uncertainties about legal parental status as they return to Iceland with infants born to surrogate mothers. This reflects global trends of increased reproductive tourism, which forces restrictive regimes not only to make decisions concerning the citizenship and parentage of children born to surrogate mothers abroad, but also to confront difficult moral issues concerning surrogacy, global justice, human rights and exploitation. In March 2015, a legislative proposal permitting altruistic surrogacy, subject to strict regulation and oversight, and prohibiting the solicitation of commercial surrogacy abroad, was presented in the Icelandic Parliament. The proposal aims to protect the interest of the child first, respect the autonomy of the surrogate second, and accommodate the intended parents’ wishes third. After a brief overview of the development of the surrogacy issue in Iceland, this article describes the main features of this legislative proposal and evaluates it from an ethical and global justice perspective. It concludes that the proposed legislation is a response to problems generated by cross-border surrogacy in the context of evolving public attitudes toward the issue, and constitutes a valid attempt to reduce the moral hazards of surrogacy consistent with insights from current bioethical literature. Although the proposed legislation arguably represents an improvement over the current ban, however, difficult problems concerning evasive travel and global injustice are likely to persist until effective international coordination is achieved.

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Untitled

Cited by 58 publications

References 3 publications

A longitudinal study of families formed through reproductive donation: Parent-adolescent relationships and adolescent adjustment at age 14.

A longitudinal study of families formed through reproductive donation: Parent-adolescent relationships and adolescent adjustment at age 14.

Right to be a Surrogate: Biological, Constitutional and Economic Perspectives

Legalizing altruistic surrogacy in response to evasive travel? An Icelandic proposal

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